Criminal Law (Damage to Property) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Law (Damage to Property) - Essay Example The Criminal Damage Act 1971 has three different types of criminal damage offences: simple criminal damage which is covered under section 1(1), aggravated criminal damage under section 1(2) and Criminal damage by arson under section 1(3) (Crown Prosecution Services, 2011). This Act does not define what damage is or what may be assumed to be damage under certain circumstances, which has led to courts construing the term freely. The Act also does not limit damage to large scale life threatening destruction of property, small acts like smearing mud in a police cell’s walls is also considered a criminal offence under this law. The maximum punishment for an aggravated and arson criminal damage is life imprisonment. All other offences covered under this act attract a maximum penalty of ten years. Horace’s Liability In the first case scenario, Horace knowingly tinkers with the shop’s lock so that it may temporarily refuse to open. He causes this damage with the intent of making it possible for his boss to attend the Tennis Finals at Wimbledon. However, Horace’s well intentioned act is not appreciated by his boss who would rather open his shop than attend the match. He (the owner) is forced to close shop the whole day since he cannot secure a new part for the lock. According to the law, what Horace has committed is a simple criminal damage.... He causes this damage with the intent of making it possible for his boss to attend the Tennis Finals at Wimbledon. However, Horace’s well intentioned act is not appreciated by his boss who would rather open his shop than attend the match. He (the owner) is forced to close shop the whole day since he cannot secure a new part for the lock. According to the law, what Horace has committed is a simple criminal damage. S.1(1) of the Criminal Damage Act 1971 states that an individual is guilty of a criminal damage offence if he or she recklessly or intentionally destroys or damages property that belongs to another without any lawful excuse. Horace causes temporary damage to the shop’s lock so that it can stay closed on the day of the tennis finals at Wimbledon. He has committed an offence by knowingly damaging property that dos not belong to him (Ashworth, 1991). However, Horace did believe that he was doing his boss a favour by tinkering with the padlock. His action may have a lawful excuse since he believed that his boss’s attending to the shop was just as important as attending the tennis finals at Wimbledon. Under section 5 part 1 of the Criminal Damage Act 1971, a lawful excuse may exist if at the time of the damaging act the person accused of the offence â€Å"believed that the person or persons whom he believed to be entitled to consent to the destruction of or damage to the property in question had so consented, or would have so consented to it if he or they had known of the destruction or damage and its circumstances† (Crown Prosecution Services, 2011). Part b of the same subsection allows for lawful excuse if the accused party caused damage or destruction to property so as to protect

DBQ- minorities in world war II Essay Example for Free

DBQ- minorities in world war II Essay The following question requires you to write a coherent essay incorporating your interpretation of the documents and your knowledge of the period specified in the question. To earn a high score you are required to cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on your knowledge of the period. It is often claimed that the major American wars of the last 150 years have resulted in the most important social and political gains of minorities and women. Evaluate this statement with regard to the experience of minorities and women during World War II. Use evidence from the documents and your knowledge of the period from 1941 to 1945 to compose your answer. Brigadier General B. 0. Davis to General Peterson, 9 November 1943 (Brigadier Davis had just completed an inspection of military bases in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Michigan): â€Å"I was deeply impressed with the high morale and attitudes of the colored officers and soldiers stationed in the states visited in the past two months. They were so different from those of the colored officers and soldiers located in the Southern states. While there has been an improvement in general conditions, there is still great dissatisfaction and discouragement on the part of the colored people and the soldiers. They feel that, regardless of how much they strive to meet War Department requirements, there is no change in the attitude of the War Department. The colored officers and soldiers feel that they are denied the protection and rewards that ordinarily result from good behavior and proper performance of duty†¦.. The Press news items and reports of investigations show that there has been little change in the attitudes of civilian communities in Southern states. The colored man in uniform receives nothing but hostility from community officials. The colored man in u niform is expected by the War  Department to develop a high morale in a community that offers him nothing but humiliation and mistreatment. Military training does not develop a spirit of cheerful acceptance of Jim-Crow laws and customs. The War Department has failed to secure to the colored soldier protection against violence on the part of civilian police and to secure justice in the courts in communities near-by to Southern stations. In the areas recently inspected, the colored soldier feels that he can secure justice in the civil courts. He has not been set upon by the civilian police. He has not been denied the privilege of occupying empty seats in public buses, street cars, etc. taxicabs to serve him. This is not so in Southern communities.† President Roosevelt, Executive Order 9066, February 25, 1942: Whereas the successful prosecution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense material, national-defense premises, and national defense utilities. I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War, and the Military Commanders whom he may from time to time designate, whenever he or any designated commander deems such action necessary or desirable, to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion.† Korematsu v. United States, 1944. Mr. Justice Murphy, dissenting: â€Å"This exclusion of `all persons of Japanese ancestry, both alien and non-alien, from the Pacific Coast area on a plea of military necessity in  the absence of martial law ought not to be approved. Such exclusion goes over `the very brink of constitutional power and falls into the ugly abyss of racism. Individuals must not be left impoverished of their constitutional rights on a plea of military necessity that has neither substance nor support. Being an obvious racial discrimination, the order deprives all those within its scope of the equal protection of the laws as guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment. It further deprives these individuals of their constitutional rights to live and work where they will, to establish a home where they choose and to move about freely. In excommunicating them without benefit of hearings, this order also deprives them of all their constitutional rights to procedural due process. Yet no reasonable relation to an `immediate, imminent, and impending public danger is evident to support this racial restriction which is one of the most sweeping and complete deprivations of constitutional rights in the history of this nation in the absence of martial law† Congressman Rankin, Mississippi, February 18, 1942: â€Å"I know the Hawaiian Islands. I know the Pacific coast where these Japanese reside. Even though they may be the third or fourth generation of Japanese, we cannot trust them. I know that those areas are teeming with Japanese spies and fifth columnists. Once a Jap always a Jap.You cannot change him. You cannot make a silk purse out of a sows ear. Do not forget that once a Japanese always a Japanese. I say it is of vital importance that we getrid of every Japanese whether in Hawaii or on the mainland. They violate every sacred promise, every canon of honor and decency. This was evidenced in their diplomacy and in their bombing of Hawaii. These Japs who had been there for generations were making signs, if you please, guiding the Japanese planes to the objects of their inequity in  order that they might destroy our naval vessels, murder our soldiers and sailors, and blow to pieces the helpless women and children of Hawaii. Damn them! Let us get rid of them now!† Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat on the Home Front, October 12, 1942: â€Å"In order to keep stepping up our production, we have had to add millions of workers to the total labor force of the Nation. And as new factories come into operation, we must find additional millions of workers. This presents a formidable problem in the mobilization of manpower. It is not that we do not have enough people in this country to do the job. The problem is to have the right numbers of people in the right place at the right time. In some communities, employers dislike to employ women. In others they are reluctant to hire Negroes. In still others, older men are not wanted. We can no longer afford to indulge such prejudices or practices. Women are welders [sic] discuss the production of motor mounts and welded parts in a welding booth at the Inglewood, Calif., plant of North American Aviation, Inc. 1942. National Archives and Records Administration. President Roosevelt, Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941: WHEREAS it is the policy of the United States to encourage full participation in the national defense program by all citizens of the United States, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin, in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the Nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups within its borders; WHEREAS there is evidence that available and needed workers have been barred from employment in industries engaged in defense production solely because of considerations of race, creed, color, or national origin, to the detriment of workers morale and of national unity; NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes, and as a prerequisite to the successful conduct of our national defense production effort, I do hereby reaffirm the policy of the United States that there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin, and I do hereby declare that it is the duty of employers and of labor organizations, in furtherance of said policy and of this order, to provide for the full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries, without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin;

Major Themes in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men :: Steinbeck Of Mice and Men Essays

Major Themes in Of Mice and Men  Ã‚      The theme of loneliness is manifested many times in the work, Of Mice and Men and is often the dominant theme. This theme occurs during many circumstances but is not present from start to finish. In my mind for a theme to be pervasive is must be present during every element of the story. There are many themes that are present most of the way through such as sacrifice, friendship and comradship. But in my opinion there is only one theme that is present from beginning to end, this theme is pursuit of dreams. There are many characters where lonliness is evident throughout parts or all of their life. But all of these characters who appear to be lonely only tend to play a minor role in the story. This is not to say that they are insignificant but they help to convey the feelings and emotions that surround the major characters rather than their own. Characters like Curley's wife and Crooks are unmistakably lonely, but they show how their lonliness is the opposite of the two main characters, George and Lennie. Crooks actually states that George and Lennie have got each other but he hasn't got anyone. Curley's wife portrays the same message but under different circumstances. There are really no other main characters besides George and Lennie. From reading the novel and watching the film it is clearly evident in most cases that all of the support characters appear to be lonely. Therefore lonliness is quite a strong and influential theme in the story but it only features as a bakground theme and is not always present at critical stages. Themes such as sacrifice, comradship and freindship feature under very similar circumstances as lonliness but are also evident within the main characters. Candy made a sacrifice when he decided to have his ageing debilitated dog killed. But afterwards he regreted not having killed the dog himself, possibly having killed it at all. Just as when George killed Lennie, he knew it had to be done but he just kept making up excuses to avoid the inevitable. George made that sacrifice but unlike Candy he knew that if Lennie was to be killed he had to do it himself. The issue is morals, if there is such a thing as a moraly correct way to kill somebody thats how George did it, because during that time period in America there was not the resources nor facilities to deal with characters such as Lennie so drastic measures had to be taken.

Supply Issues Affectng the Copper Industry

Supply Issues Affecting the Copper Mining Industry As is demonstrated by the chart below, the demand for copper has exceeded the supply brought to market since 2009. In 2011, 16. 5 million tonnes of copper were produced worldwide and this amount is expected to grow by approximately 3% annually. Data from the International Copper Study Group (ICSG) for 2012 suggests that international demand for refined copper is expected to exceed production by about 240,000 metric tons.The slow growth forecasted in copper supply is speculated to continue to increase the production deficit into 2013 because of both long and short term issues that affect the copper production industry. (http://www. econmatters. com/2011/12/copper-2012-supply-struggling-to-meet. html) Declining Ore Grades Man has been mining copper for centuries. As is characteristic of many other heavily-mined minerals, high-grade copper areas are becoming increasingly rare as many of the largest and highest grade areas have been disc overed and depleted by mining companies.It was common in the early 1900`s to find sites that had up to 30% copper; however, the average percentage of copper in new sites found is 1% or less and deemed low grade. Because the copper production process is energy intensive, and therefore expensive, it becomes less feasible to develop the majority of new sites that are prospected. (http://www. mining-technology. com/features/featuremineral-munching-microbes-future-metal-mining) Falling Chilean Copper Output It is estimated that Chile produces about 35% of the world`s copper supply.However, Chilean copper production has fallen by 730 000 tonnes over the last decade. Although declining ore grades are part of the problem, as more iron ore must be processed to produce the same amount of copper creating cost overruns, supply disruptions at some of Chile`s largest mines continue to occur due to labour strikes. Labour striking tends to correlate with rises in the price of refined coppers as wel l as with large GDP increases, both of which have been seen over the last five years in Chile. (http://seekingalpha. om/instablog/389729-frank-holmes/247300-chart-of-the-week-struggling-copper-supply) Decreases in demand are not being met with needed foreign investment projects to develop new mines because of social factors. Since the beginning of copper exploration, the Chilean government has done little to regulate mining development. Many activists are beginning to file lawsuits and successfully halt new projects proposed by large mining companies because of the adverse effects of large scale mining on surrounding crops and water sources.In April 2012, GoldCorp Inc annulled a 3. 9 billion dollar copper project, known as El Morro, because courts deemed that the company had not engaged in proper due diligence procedures with the local indigenous community. (http://www. mining. com/popular-unrest-casts-doubt-over-billions-in-chilean-mining-projects-10820/) Geopolitical Instability i n High Grade Copper Regions Southern Africa has sparked the interest of many large copper production companies due to large, high-grade areas in South Africa, Zambia and the Congo.However, political instability and lack of infrastructure in these areas have severely affected the exploration and development of mines as they are seen as unstable and risky to foreign investors. Also, announcements of pending government policies in favour of copper resource nationalization have caused many existing projects to be halted until firmer decisions reached by ruling political parties. (http://copperinvestingnews. om/10134/copper-mining-africa-south-africa-zambia-congo-rio-tinto-anglo-american/) The above constraints are not easily rectified and suggest that the slow growth trends associated with copper supply will continue into the short-term future. For the purpose of this commodity investment decision, it is reasonable to assume that copper prices will continue to rise as the production def icit increases.

Pointers in Humanities

POINTERS IN HUMANITIES Test 2 year title what happen Chapter 2 Pre-Spanish Period Malayo-Polynesian Alphabet Chapter 3 The Spanish Period (1565-1898) Contribution of Spaniards, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – 1st gov. gen in the phil. Chapter 4 The Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898)3 priests killed GOMBURZA – Propaganda Movement(1872-1896) Chapter 5 The American Regime (1898-1941) First elected president â€Å"Gen.Emilio Aguinaldo† Chapter 6 Japanese Period (1941-1945) 3 poems HAIKU,TANAGA,KARANIWANG ANYO Chapter 7 Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970) Start of PALANCA AWARDS Chapter 8 Period Activism (1970-1972) Youth Power of Activism Chapter 9 Period of New Society (1972-1980) September 21 ,1972-PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY;Continuation of PALANCA Awards Chapter 10 Third Republic (1981-1985) â€Å"Ends of Martial Law† Chapter 11 Periods (1896-1999) â€Å"People Power† Test 1 1. hernando abaya-â€Å"Betrayal in The Philippines† 2. antonio enriquez-â€Å"Spot s In Their Wings And Other Stories† 3. ricardo demetillo-â€Å"The Heart of Emptiness is Black† 4. irilo bautista-â€Å"The Ritual†;†The Archipelagp†;†The Man Who Made a Covenant With The Wind†;†Charts† 5. Salvador P. Lopez – â€Å"For Freedom and Democracy† 6. maria luna lopez – â€Å"I Married a Newspaperman† wife of Salvador lopez 7. September 21 ,1972-PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY;Continuation of PALANCA Awards 8. Abbre –â€Å"KKK,SAGUPA,KTPD,SDK,MDP 9. jose lacaba – writers in activism period â€Å"DAYS OF DISQUIET†,† NIGHTS OF RAGE†,† THE FIRST QUARTERS STORM AND RELATED EVENTS† 10. Genoveva Edroza-â€Å"Kwento ni Mabuti†;†AKO’Y ISANG TINIG† 11. Pedro Dandan-â€Å"Mabangis na Kamay,Maamong Kamay† 12. Elpidio Capulong-â€Å"Planeta, Buwan at mga Bituin† 3. palanca awards- Carlos Palanca Sr. ; started in 1950; 14. teodo ro agoncillo-â€Å"ANG MAIKLING KWENTONG TAGALOG† 15. juan laya – â€Å"HIS NATIVE SOIL† 16. Rafael Zulueta da Costa – â€Å"Like The Molave† 17. Salvador P. Lopez – â€Å"Literature and Society† 18. The good fight- President Manuel L. Quezon’s autobiographynarciso reyes 19. three poems- in Japanese period HAIKU,TANAGA,KARANIWANG ANYO 20. bembol roco-lead role in the movie†MAYNILA†¦SA MGA KUKO NG LIWANAG† 21. Fernando Poe Jr. -AGUILA 22. Hilda Coronel-â€Å"INSIANG† 23. freddie aguilar – singer â€Å"ANAK†; revision of â€Å"BAYAN KO† 24. hiela coronel- a PANORAMA staff 25. jaja-â€Å"JUSTICE FOR AQUINO, JUSTICE FOR ALL† 26. people power-â€Å"Feb. 21-25, 1986†; aka. LAKAS NG BAYAN 27. nvm Gonzales – â€Å"LUNSOD NAYON AT DAGAT DAGATAN†;†Seven Hills Away†;Poet and Fictionist 28. jesus peralta-â€Å"Grave for Blue Flower† 29. estrella alf on-â€Å"The White Dress† 30. narciso reyes – â€Å"LUPANG TINUBUAN† 31. liwayway arceo – â€Å"UHAW ANG TIGANG NA LUPA† 32. Alejandro Abadilla-â€Å"MGA PILING KATHA†;†MGA PILING SANAYSAYA† 33. PEN-Poets, Essayist, Novelist 34. July 4, 1946 – Philippines regained its freedom 35. CCC- Children’s Communication Center

Free Essays on Aswan High Dam

INTRODUCTION: The livelihood and stability of Egypt `s population is directly linked to the Nile valley and delta. Although these two regions account for less then 5% of Egypt `s land surface (fig. 1), all its agriculture and water sources are concentrated in these areas (White 1988). The water sources for the Nile are the Blue Nile (originating at Ethiopian highland) and the White Nile (draining east central Africa and Sudan).The river flows through Egypt toward the Mediterranean sea, forming a delta at its south-east coast. Fig. 1 - The Nile path after building the Aswan high dam. (White 1988). Prior to the beginning of emplacement of barrage along the Nile in the last century, the river had a seasonally fluctuating fluvial regime (Hurst 1964). Its annually water discharge at the coast was above 8*1010 m3, caring about 10*108 tons of sediments (Eldardir 1994), and was the main sediment source for the east Mediterranean (Stanley and Wingerath 1996). At the end of the 19th century two major sediment bearing distributors were active (Damietta and Rosetta, fig. 2) (Stanley 1996). A series of barrages along the Nile (north of Aswan) were constructed during the 19th century regulating flow and navigation (Elassiouti 1983). At the beginning of the 20th century the first dam in Aswan, the low dam, was build. This dam was designed to generate hydroelectric power and, to decrease the seasonal fluctuations in the Nile flow (without carrying any water storage over from one year to another). Accordingly, it hasn't stored any significant amounts of Nile silt. During the 1950's the Egyptian government had to face a very high population grow rate (~3% a year). Given its limited resources of arable land in the Nile valley, Egypt was looking for opportunities to expand its agriculture, energy, and associated manufacturing production. The easiest alternative was to expand the irrigated areas and to inc... Free Essays on Aswan High Dam Free Essays on Aswan High Dam INTRODUCTION: The livelihood and stability of Egypt `s population is directly linked to the Nile valley and delta. Although these two regions account for less then 5% of Egypt `s land surface (fig. 1), all its agriculture and water sources are concentrated in these areas (White 1988). The water sources for the Nile are the Blue Nile (originating at Ethiopian highland) and the White Nile (draining east central Africa and Sudan).The river flows through Egypt toward the Mediterranean sea, forming a delta at its south-east coast. Fig. 1 - The Nile path after building the Aswan high dam. (White 1988). Prior to the beginning of emplacement of barrage along the Nile in the last century, the river had a seasonally fluctuating fluvial regime (Hurst 1964). Its annually water discharge at the coast was above 8*1010 m3, caring about 10*108 tons of sediments (Eldardir 1994), and was the main sediment source for the east Mediterranean (Stanley and Wingerath 1996). At the end of the 19th century two major sediment bearing distributors were active (Damietta and Rosetta, fig. 2) (Stanley 1996). A series of barrages along the Nile (north of Aswan) were constructed during the 19th century regulating flow and navigation (Elassiouti 1983). At the beginning of the 20th century the first dam in Aswan, the low dam, was build. This dam was designed to generate hydroelectric power and, to decrease the seasonal fluctuations in the Nile flow (without carrying any water storage over from one year to another). Accordingly, it hasn't stored any significant amounts of Nile silt. During the 1950's the Egyptian government had to face a very high population grow rate (~3% a year). Given its limited resources of arable land in the Nile valley, Egypt was looking for opportunities to expand its agriculture, energy, and associated manufacturing production. The easiest alternative was to expand the irrigated areas and to inc...

Thomas Edison essays

Thomas Edison essays Have you ever wondered how such things as light bulbs came to be? Outstanding inventors such as Thomas Alva Edison gave people of his time the first advantage of using electric light. Edison was a great inventor and creator of things from the light bulb to the phonograph, which led people to the later inventions of CD stereos and music recordings. Where would the world be without music? I guess you could consider him the worlds first disc jockey. He was the creator of one of the most significant inventions of modern man. Can you imagine living in todays world with candles and kerosene lanterns as our only source of evenings light? Where would Las Vegas be without Edisons genius? Born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio, Edison had a real talent for being intelligent for his age of time. He was the seventh and last child of Samuel Edison, Jr. and Nancy Elliot Edison. They had no special mechanical background. His parents were very intent on wanting their son Thomas to focus on reading but he could not take his mind off of his new love of invention. At the age of 10, Edison had created his first laboratory for his experiments in the basement of his parents home. At that point in life there was no turning back for Thomas Alva Edison, he was committed to creating inventions for the rest of his life. In 1879 in Newark, New Jersey his workshop after years of work, Edison finally succeeded on his creation of the light bulb. After spending $40,000, and performing 1,200 experiments, he had finally found that the key was to use carbonized filaments of cotton thread to make his invention work. Thomas Alva Edison added many contributions to the every day life. And a fter his death in 1931, his laboratory in Newark, New Jersey continued to invent things and make an impact on everyday lives of the common people of todays society. I guess you could say, he set the groundwork for many of today...