Scrutinising a company report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Examining an organization report - Essay Example Certain difficulties are additionally tormenting the business, and these could affect how corporate social obligation is actualized; stream fuel costs have multiplied over the previous decade. Along these lines, carriers presently need to think about feasible fills as time goes on; a few associations are as of now thinking about this other option however are to actualize it completely. Minimal effort carriers are driving up rivalry as a result of the requirement for quicker and less expensive flight transport, so greater associations need to discover a method of including quality in administration arrangement. Rising client desires the same number of them have now gotten progressively educated through the web additionally couples this need. Purchasers are requesting increasingly supportable business from associations, so flying partners need to adapt to the situation and address this issue (Esty and Winston, 2006). A few substances accept that ecological maintainability is an ironic expression in the flying/aircraft segment since carbon emanations are shockingly high. A few voyagers are reacting to this reality by utilizing different methods for transport, choosing non-stop flights, or utilizing organizations that are the most manageable. CSR is a significant factor for most Britons as they care about how well organizations deal with their condition or their locale (Werther and Chandler, 2006). Detailing is normal for a few organizations in the UK as the open requests responsibility from significant specialist co-ops like British Airways. BA’s three center proclamations on maintainability are: relieving natural effect, turning into a mindful boss or business and advancing network vocations. In 2013, the organization did a lot of things to show how far it is eager to go in the maintainability venture. In business activities, the organization presented seven new Boeing and Airbus planes since they are more proficient and calmer than the traditional models. The firm additionally needs to decrease

Harnischfeger Corp Essay

I. Presentation In 1984 Harnischfeger Corporation was a main maker of development gear. During the time of the 1970s the organization experienced colossal development. Yearly deals developed from $150 million out of 1970 to $646 million of every 1981. Anyway the organization started to encounter budgetary difficulty in 1979. This was brought about by an assortment of elements: the organization squandered a lot of assets on an ineffective merger, the administration of Iran defaulted on a $20 million request for gear after the fall of the Shah, and the U.S. economy was in a time of downturn with twofold digit paces of swelling. The organization posted a working misfortune in 1979 just because since 1938. The company’s budgetary challenges proceeded until 1984. Right now the board concluded that rebuilding was essential if the organization needed to endure. (Harnischfeger, 1985) II. Rebuilding Strategy The abrogating target of rebuilding the organization was to come back to continued productivity. The objectives of the arrangement were four-crease: administrative/work force changes, creation cost decrease, change in general business center (for example in remote joint endeavors, and high innovation regions), and a rebuilding of obligation (Palepu, 2000). The new official situation of Chief Operating Officer was made. Two new individuals from the official group were employed so as to help push the organization another vital way. Thus, building, assembling, and advertising divisions experienced huge changes so as to reduce expenses and reorient the company’s item contributions toward increasingly productive markets. (Palepu, 2000). The organization began to concentrate its business on progressively abroad markets, where interest for mining and development gear stayed solid. A relationship was built up with Kobe Steel, Ltd., in which Harnischfeger consented to source the entirety of its development cranes available to be purchased in the US through the Japanese organization. Also, an agreement to sell $60 million worth of mining scoops was gone into with the People’s Republic of China (Harnischfeger, 1985). In conclusion, the organization rebuilt its obligation into three-year advances that necessary the organization to keep up specific degrees of money, receivables, and total assets (Palepu, 2000). Bookkeeping Strategy The new administration at Harnischfeger actualized forceful changes in bookkeeping arrangement with an end goal to cause the organization to show up increasingly productive. The significant zones wherein bookkeeping arrangement was considerably affected were in: changes in devaluation techniques on resources, the utilization of LIFO liquidation in stock valuation, the rebuilding of the employees’ benefits plan, an adjustment in the manner in which a few sorts of deals were perceived, and an adjustment in the monetary year for outside auxiliaries. (Palepu, 2000). Moreover, the board fundamentally changed the level of deals assigned to remittance for terrible obligation. Examination shows that administration practiced a lot of adaptability permitted under GAAP so as to raise overall gain for 1985. Inspiration for Accounting Strategy The new administration has two long haul objectives as a main priority. Initially, to build the company’s nearness in cutting edge territories, for example, aviation and pharmaceuticals and second, to make the organization increasingly worldwide. These objectives appear to require the organization to seek after a forceful income the board procedure. In the momentary the organization needs joint dares to endure. These joint endeavors will give Harnischfeger access to numerous new outside business sectors and could be a potential hotspot for less expensive work. Powerful income the board could persuade accomplices like Kobe Steel to be progressively responsive to interest in Harnischfeger. What's more the organization needs money to have the option to take an interest in joint endeavors that may require cross venture to fabricate industrial facilities, recruit outside workers and so on. Money is additionally expected to put resources into innovative enterprises which for the mos t part require huge capital expenses in innovative work. The board had solid inspiration to show a benefit in 1984. To begin with, the organization was getting ready for its 100th commemoration festivity, and in this way required a snappy turnaround. As minor as it sounds, this thought presumably accelerated the timetable to recuperation by means of forceful bookkeeping arrangement. Second, and progressively substantial, the rebuilding plan incorporated an arrangement which would grant top administrators an extra 40% of their base compensation if the organization accomplished its money related objectives for the year. Incredibly, the board could get another 40% of compensation if the organization beat those objectives! III. Bookkeeping Changes Impact of progress in Sales Calculation Effective November 1, 1983, Harnischfeger joined items bought from Kobe Steel, Limited and afterward exchanged by the organization, into its net deals. During past bookkeeping periods, just the gross edge on these items was perceived as deals. Thus, both total deals and cost of deals expanded by $28 million. This bookkeeping change didn't have material effect on the general net working salary as expressed in the budget report, be that as it may, it had an impact on the nature of income, which is reflected by overall revenue. Overall revenue dropped to 1.44% from 1.55%, mirroring a 7.1% change in net revenue, after such a change was set up. The administration guaranteed that this change â€Å"reflected all the more adequately the idea of the Corporation’s exchange with Kobe,† (Palepu, 2000, p.3-39) and we concur with the management’s see for two significant reasons. To start with, Harnischfeger was working in a full scale business condition in which the organization needed to fundamentally lessen cost to endure. Redistributing, a compelling method of moving creation cost to progressively viable makers, could make the Harnischfeger center around its center quality in item improvement capacity and high brand power infiltration. Second, Harnischfeger phased out its own production of development cranes in Michigan and go into a drawn out understanding, under which Kobe would gracefully development cranes. Likewise, viable November 1, 1983, Harnischfeger balanced some subsidiaries’ finishing period to September 30 rather than the past completion July 31. This had the impact of stretching the 1984 announcing period for these organizations from a year, to 14 months, and expanded deals by $5.4 million. Accepting these organizations had a similar overall revenue as the parent, the change expanded expense of deals by $4.3 million. We concur that the impact on overall gain is unimportant and that this change reflects all the more adequately the subsidiary’s business activity. In any case, it represents a one-time occasion which ought to be adjusted for during investigation of the company’s potential for future productivity. Impact of Changes in Depreciation Method In 1984, Harnischfeger changed its deterioration strategy for budgetary detailing purposes to a straight-line technique from a primarily quickened strategy. A total compensation of $11 million was acknowledged for 1984 when the straight-line technique was applied retroactively to all advantages devalued under the quickened strategy. The administration saw this as a way to deal with coordinate the company’s standard with that of industry peers. We concur with the administration such that this methodology gives practically identical norm. Notwithstanding, the planning of this activity is sketchy. This methodology falsely improved the company’s budgetary quality in the short run and aided Harnischfeger arrange its obligation rebuilding process with brokers. Over the long haul, in any case, the straight-line technique will decrease benefit in the years to come. Additionally, it was too forceful to even consider realizing this pay just in a one-year time frame, which mirrored the motivating force for the executives to accomplish benefit. What's more, Harnischfeger broadened its evaluated deterioration lives on certain US plants, hardware and gear, and expanded remaining an incentive on certain apparatus and gear. These progressions brought about an expansion of $3.2 million in net gain in 1984. Once more, this reflected impetus revenue driven acknowledgment. The then-current high loan cost condition was steady for leftover worth upward-modification, in any case, there were extraordinary dangers included. To begin with, loan fee was on a down-pattern after it topped in 1982. Second, the liquidity of Harnischfeger apparatus, for substantial hardware make, was low. Additionally, expansion of devaluation lives would expand the support costs and lessen benefit in the years to come. In this way, we recommend that Harnischfeger’s deterioration strategies be firmly watched when the financial condition changes Impact of LIFO Inventory Liquidation Harnischfeger decreased its stock level in 1984, 1983 and 1982, bringing about a liquidation of LIFO stock. This liquidation procedure prompted gains when stock, obtained at a lower cost in the prior years, were sold at a more significant expense, coming about because of higher swelling. Overall gain in 1984 expanded by $2.4 million (as additions), and liquidity was enhanced the accounting report. We see this as a sound business choice when the administration can lessen working expense by diminishing stock level. Impact of Changes in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Harnischfeger, for certain reasons, balanced its recompense for far fetched records to 6.7% of deals for 1984 from 10% of deals in 1983, coming about in $2.9 million in working salary for 1984. The organization may attempt to build deals by forcefully stretching out credit to dicey clients, gambling losing all of important deals. This is doubtful as Harnischfeger gives no clarification. Impact of Changes in R&D Expenses Harnischfeger essentially cut its innovative work costs to $5.1 million of every 1984, from $12.1 million out of 1983 and $14.1 million of every 1982. In 1984, working benefit was siphoned up by $9.1 million when Harnischfeger didn’t follow a similar degree of R&D exercises in 1983, reflected in the level of R&D a

Basic Essay Topics You Should Consider

Basic Essay Topics You Should ConsiderWhen looking for college essay topics, there are a number of basic essay topics to consider. The topics that you should consider will depend on what you want your final product to look like and how much time you have to write about it. If you have to take a long break between taking a test, you need to plan out the essay first.Start off with a basic topic, such as a character biography or human relations. This type of essay will tell readers how well you know other people, and what types of situations you deal with. This could be a very easy topic to write on, and many people find this to be one of the easiest.It is best to start off with a major idea that you want to show in your essay. Then you can go on to write your personal situation, which is a broad topic of the essay. The reason why this is the best idea is because it gives you room to expand on your topic later.Another popular topic is political science, because it can easily be an overv iew of any type of political arena. This is a good topic because you get to touch on various topics that the reader may not be too familiar with. Once you have covered a basic subject, you can then work your way into more specific topics.There are a lot of essay writing software programs that you can use to create your paper topics. Most of these also come with sample topics that you can use to develop your topic. These are great for trying to hone in on the right topic and making sure that your topic is going to be easy to research.There are some essay topics that will require more research. You might need to go to the library to make sure that you know what you are talking about. This is especially true if the topic is onany technical aspects of science or technology.If you don't know much about anything, you will need to know what you are talking about, even if you do not know exactly how it works. This will be one of the most important parts of your essay. If you can't come up w ith an interesting topic for your essay, chances are you won't get the grades that you would like.You can find a variety of basic essay topics to choose from on the internet. Your goal is to get your topics down on paper. If you need help with the essay, you can also go to a campus or online to see what help is available.

Research Essay on Occupy Wall St. - 3599 Words

Occupy Wall Street: The Solution to the Collapse of the Economy? In October of 2008 Congress, passed a $700 billion rescue bill to bail out, and possibly save, the doomed U.S. and global financial systems from collapsing. This decision was only a piece to the $1 trillion government plan to level off the stock market and unfreeze the credit which was needed after the collapses of the financial institutions of Lehman Brothers and Washington Mutual. The government also stepped in and federally took over such institutions as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which together hold about $5.4 trillion in mortgage loans; 45 percent of the national total. The governmental firms were heavily burdened because of bad investments in subprime mortgages and†¦show more content†¦Government regulators could have added to the crisis as well. It is believed that the 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, which split commercial banking from investment activities, could have caused the crisis. Other ex perts say that the 2000 Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which prohibited regulation of most swaps was afactor. Another decision under examination is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) decision to loosen the capital rules for brokerage units of investment banks which freed billions of dollars for investments in mortgage backed securities, credit derivatives and others. (Billitteri) A lot of people don’t realize what is actually going on in the world or even our own country and never care to read the newspaper or listen to the 5 o’ clock news. There may be issues with the community or through businesses but when it comes down to it there are bigger problems like 1% of the U.S. population makes 20% of the wealth in our country. On July 13th, 2011 the company, Adbusters’ Magazine sent out a call for 90,000 with hashtags, from the website Twitter, of â€Å"#OccupyWallStreet† and a date of September 17th, 2011.The Occupy Wall Street movement was halfway through what is called a â€Å"revolutionary year† organized by cyber activists in the United States. Hactivists of the group â€Å"Anonymous† signed on, posting menacing videos and flooding social mediaShow MoreRelatedRethinking Work Ethic For The Age Of Convergence2191 Words   |  9 Pagesfuture study. For the purposes of this essay, it is enough to stipulate at the outse t that the work ethic is a â€Å"cultural norm that places a positive moral value on doing a good job and is based on a belief that work has intrinsic value for its own sake.† Unprecedented technological change and the globalization it facilitates present a significant challenge to our long-held beliefs about the Protestant work ethic. 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The Physics Of Bar Magnets - 2533 Words

1. Bar magnet is the simplest form to explain magnetism. Bar magnets are permanent magnets and this means that they have magnetism all the time, it can’t be turned on and it can’t be switched off. They have two poles that include: north-seeking pole (N) and south-seeking pole (S). These poles appear to occur in equal and opposite pair. Magnetic meridian is the vertical plane in which the magnet lies. Magnets are made of materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that can be attracted to magnet, which are called ferromagnetic materials. These include: iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone. Mu-metal is a nickel based soft magnetic alloy,†¦show more content†¦Small bar magnets that are responsible for a magnetic behaviour are actually groups of atoms. Electron particles show magnetic behaviour of their motion – each electron has a magnetic moment. Groups of these atoms form small domains, in which the magnetic moments of the electrons are aligned with each other. When material is non-magnetised the domains are aligned in random way so their magnetic field cancels each other out. Properties of a simple bar magnet: 1. Unlike poles of magnet attract each other 2. Like poles of magnet repel each other 3. The force of the attraction of a magnet is greater at its poles than in the middle. 4. If a bar magnet is suspended by a thread and if it is free to rotate, its south pole will move towards the north pole of the earth and vice versa. A magnetic field is the magnetic effect of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field. A magnetic field may be plotted by using a plotting compass to define the lines of force. Bar magnet is placed on a sheet of white paper. Starting near one end of the magnet, the positions of the ends of the compass needle are marked by pencil dots. The compass is then moved until the near end of the needle is exactly over the dot furthest from the magnet and a

THe Metamorphosis of MAlcolm X Essay - 1062 Words

THe Metamorphosis of MAlcolm X Malcolm X once wrote, â€Å"My life has always been one of changes† (Haley 404). In his autobiography, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, it is very evident that through his life, he went through a series of drastic changes that went from one extreme to another. He went from being at â€Å"the bottom of the American white man’s society,† to become one of the most influential advocates of Black pride (150). Throughout the novel the most evident changes are when Malcolm X moves to Boston, goes to prison, and going on Hajj. After living in Michigan, Malcolm X moves in with his half-sister, Ella, in Boston. Malcolm X described the move as â€Å"pivotal or profound in its repercussions† (38). When he gets to†¦show more content†¦Through his readings and new found religion, the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X finds self-pride. He starts to become proud of who he is and where he came from. He realizes that before, all he was trying to do was act like someone he wasn’t and all it had gotten him was seven years in prison. The letters he got from Elijah Muhammad and his family encouraged all of this. He strives to admit his guilt, and â€Å"implore the forgiveness of God† (170). He would often â€Å"be startled to catch [himself] thinking in a remote way of [his] earlier self as another person† and marvel at how much he had changed (170). All the reading he did â€Å"awoke †¦ some long dormant craving to be mentally alive† (179). His trip to prison opened u p new doors for him because he gained knowledge that made him rethink his niche in life. After he left jail, Malcolm X believed that the black man was superior to the white man and the white man was simply the devil. He preached this to thousands of black people and converted them to the Nation of Islam through his moving speeches that stunned and captivated them. 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He has inspired and motivated great leaders such as Albert Einstein, Nelson Mandela and Barack Obama. Gandhi championed passionately for four main causes: India’sRead MoreMetamorphosis of Tata S teel -the Challenges of Change Management4836 Words   |  20 PagesMETAMORPHOSIS OF TATA STEEL -THE CHALLENGES OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things. — Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince (1532) In times of rapid change, experience could be your worst enemy. — J. Paul Getty INTRODUCTION 1. Tata Steel is the largest steel company of the country and at present stands as the 10th largest steelRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Capital Maintenance Doctrine and Securities

Question: Discuss about the Capital Maintenance Doctrine and Securities. Answer: Introduction The doctrine of capital maintenance enjoins a company to safely maintain its capital for the benefit of creditors and allow the courts to ensure check if it has been lawfully spent (Saidul, 2013). It is an important principle in company law that requires the company to obtain a lawful consideration fro all the shares that it may seek to issues. The main principles that underpin this doctrine include the prohibition of a company purchasing its own shares and the payment of dividends to shareholders (Saidul, 2013). According to the doctrine, the profit that is made by the company is not to be recognizes unless the amount of the net assets owned by the company is maintained. Origin and Rationale of the Doctrine It is imperative to note that the doctrine has been developed as result judicial interpretation. In Flitcrofts Case (1882) the court highlighted two components of the doctrine; that the creditors have the right to check and ensure that the capital of the company is not used or shared unlawfully and that the capital of the company should not be incongruously shared to the members of the company by way of shares. In the case of Trevor v Whitworth (1887) a company bought a significant amount of its own shares from the company. It was held that such an action would lead to the reduction of the capital owned by the company and therefore the company was first obligated to pay the shareholder the amount of his contribution upon liquidation. As a matter of course, it was held in Aveling Barford Ltd. V. Perion Ltd (1989) that the shareholders of a company are entitled to their contribution to the capital upon liquidation, but the creditors will be given priority during the payment. It bears n oting that the doctrine of capital maintenance has mainly originated from the development of English case laws. The rationale for the existence of the doctrine is largely two fold. First it seeks to protect the interest of the creditors and secondly it ensures that the capital of the company is lawfully used. The courts have been vigilant in protecting the capital of the company so that it remains intact for the creditors (Zahir, 2000 p 50). Application of the Doctrine in Australia The capital maintenance doctrine is a weakening phenomenon in Australia. This has been demonstrated by the fact that most of the financial institutions such as banks do not maintain an intact capital that will prevent them from the adverse effects of a financial crisis (Gluyas, 2014 p 23). According to Roman (2016) there has been limited regulation on the use of capital in Australia. Australia has recorded an upsurge in flexibility in the freedom of use of capital but the same time the protection of the creditors has also been a top priority (Roman, 2016). It can thus be conceded that the doctrine of capital maintenance is debilitating in Australia and its application is losing relevance in most companies and financial institutions. References Aveling Barford Ltd. V. Perion Ltd (1989) BCLC 626 at p. 630-3. Flitcrofts Case (1882) 21 Ch. D. 519. Gluyas, R (2014) Capital hijacks Murray inquiry as regulators put stability before credit creation, The Australian, Roman, T (2016) The Rise and Fall of the Capital Maintenance Doctrine in Australian Corporate Law, Commercial Law in the Twenty-first Century Forum, Tsinghua University, Beijing Saidul, I. ( 2013) The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis , The Northern University Journal of Law Trevor v Whitworth (1887) 12 App. Cas. 409. Zahir, M. (2000) Company and Securities Laws, , The University Press Limited, Dhaka

Book Classification Essays - Tad Williams, Wilbur Smith,

Book Classification When I was a very small child, I fell in love with books of all types. I could lose myself for hours in Alice and Wonderland, Black Beauty, and Tom Sawyer. As I grew older, I started reading books that portrayed actual people. I became interested in books on the Holocaust and read many titles, including the Diary of Anne Frank. These real-world stories and my large imagination started me on a path of story writing. I have written everything from poetry to complete plays. Although I have explored a large range of styles in my writings, I generally focus most of my efforts on three styles: horror, mystery, and science fiction. I have found these subjects allow me to use history, technology, and my imagination to build new worlds where anything can happen. Whenever I write horror stories, I try very hard to make them seem believable. I want the readers to be afraid to put thier feet on the floor for fear something will grab them from under the bed. I do not write about three eyed monsters or Loch Ness Monsters because they do not seem real. I write about the people you meet every day, like the school teacher with bodies in his backyard or the family member with a secret. It's not hard for me to turn the guy next door into a serial killer in one of my stories. When I write mysteries, I have to come up with a scenario, method, and motive. Mystery stories can take more than a little research. I have to build characters that have skeletons in their closets and the personalities that allow them to be pushed far enough that they would commit a murder. I have to know how to explain the method used to kill the victim. The victim has to have a past that relates to all the suspects in one way or another; I have to build his/her character as well. The criminal investigator in this type of story has to be able to sort out a world of clues and have a sharp mind for details. In creating a science fiction story, I can freely explore my imagination. I usually write about the lives and events of futuristic people. I am able to travel to different planets without ever leaving my keyboard. I can create new races of living beings with new customs, laws, and lifestyles. In a sci-fi world, I am able to travel through time, read minds, and bring inanimate objects to life. There are no limits to the possibilities. I am able to take the reader with me to places of which they may never have dreamed. I can cause the reader to believe that all they read not only could happen, but does. In my writings, I am able to say things that I am afraid to say with the spoken word. I have an outlet from which I can express the deepest, and sometimes darkest, areas of my imagination. Many readers of my stories find it hard to believe that I could write such foreboding material, because I seem to be a very quiet, passive person. People who know me do not realize that, when I write, my meek personality is the fuel to my fire. When I am quiescent and subdued, I just may be visualizing one of them as a character in my next story.

Food Irradiation essays

Food Irradiation essays The process that occurs in food irradiation is quick and simple. There are three types that currently exist. Gamma rays, electron beams, and x-rays are the methods why which this process is undergone. The high energy ray is absorbed as it passes through food, and gives up its energy and the food is slightly warmed (CDC). To be more specific, when the technology used to irradiate foods is done by with gamma rays the elements Cobalt 60 or Cesium 137, in radioactive form, are used These substances produce the gamma rays and penetrate the food deeply in several feet. This source is placed into a pool of water (CDC; FSIS). A conveyor system transports the meat or poultry product to the water. In order to irradiate a product the source of the rays is then taken out of the water and kept in a chamber with large concrete walls to keep the rays from escaping. When the microbes that are present in the food are irradiated, the energy from the rays is transferred to the water and other molecules in the microbe (CDC; FSIS). The energy creates transient reactive chemicals that damage the DNA in the microbe, causing defects in the genetic instructions. The product is then irradiated for a specific amount of time, depending on the type and state of food being irradiated. When the radioactive source isnt in use it is placed and stored in the cool pool of water that absorbs the radiation completely (CDC;FSIS). When elements are done by electron beams, also known as e-beams, these streams of high energy electrons are propelled out of an electron gun whose apparatus is similarly a larger version of the device on the back of a TV tube that puts electron into the TV screen at the front of the tube, causing it to light up (CDC). The beam generator is switched on or of and no radioactivity is involved. Through this method of irradiation, the electrons can only penetrate food to a depth of three centimeter ...

Structured English Immersion in ArizonaSschools Research Paper

Structured English Immersion in ArizonaSschools - Research Paper Example Then SEI has achieved a new status in 1991as a result of advanced studies conducted by David Ramirez and he coined two basic components like teachers maximize instruction in English and teachers use and teach English at a level appropriate to the abilities of the ELL in the class (Clark 2009). As a result of adopting Proposition203 (English Language For Children in Public Schools) in November 2000 Arizona State established English as the official language of Arizona and demanded all public school education in the state be practiced in English. Charlene Rivera, Eric Collum states that; â€Å"ELL students are to be placed in a structured English immersion program for not more than 1 year, at which point they are mainstreamed in to English classrooms† (Rivera & Collum 2006, p.212). The web article The Case for Structured English Immersion gives valuable information about the implementation of SEI Programs in Arizona State. Kevin Clark said that Arizona’s English Language L earner Task Force launched in late 2006. In its initial stage many teachers and academics have confused with ESI programs with submersion. Some of them believed that the implementation of ESI task force in regular classrooms have little or no instructional modification. In spite of the jumble definitions, messages and grass root level emotions, educators and academics in Arizona district have implemented SEI programs in both elementary and secondary level. It is significant for a reader to understand that all materials and instructions in SEI programs are practiced in English since the beginning. Other important characteristics of SEI program is that it calls for direct, active and explicit instructional methods and strategies for SEI... This essay approves that Arizona district have implemented SEI programs in both elementary and secondary level which, the government is planning to propose in other levels. The SEI programs have basically divided the strategies into three components: policy, structure, and classroom practices. These strategies also take into account certain other factors like the size of the school, the location of the school, the grade levels at the school, the number of English language learners and the percentage of English language learners, and so on. This report makes a conclusion that the proposed study leads one to the inference that the implementation of SEI in Arizona schools had a greater impact among the students and the teachers and as such, it exerted a decisive role in uplifting the educational standards of that country. The critical analysis of the research topic unveils the fact that the Structured English Immersion in Arizona schools could influence and attract many students to English language learning. The SEI programs are well structured and it can certainly make the students aware of the systematic study of English language. The program has been designed for the students of the school and secondary levels to help them improving their language skills; specifically focusing on reading, writing, speaking and listening. The classes are scheduled for one year, four hours per day with the support of a well structured lesson plan and materials. The students are grouped by considering their ability in language use.

Cultural Differences and People Management Reflective Journal Essay

Cultural Differences and People Management Reflective Journal - Essay Example Personally, I had experienced events where cultural differences resulted to conflicts and miscommunication. However, I haven’t understood that cultural differences have the power to intervene at such level in the social and economic life of individuals. Although I feel rather disappointed from the increased power of cultural differences in all areas, I think that hopes can exist for the effective control of crises related to cultural differences. At the same time, I feel that the current effects of cultural differences on the professional and personal life of people could be controlled not just by developing relevant initiatives locally, i.e. in regard to each particular case, but rather through supporting the introduction of relevant legislation. Existing laws seem to be opposed to cultural differences but a closer review of their content would lead to the assumption that the enforcement of these laws can take long while the resources necessary may be difficult to be retrieve d. In addition to the above, the review I made in regard to the specific subject has led me to the following assumption: cultural differences can affect a high range of activities but their existence is not always clear. It is possible for certain organizational or personal problems to be related to other elements of social environment and not to cultural differences. The close examination of these problems can reveal that the role of cultural differences in the appearance and the expansion of these problems can be critical. Evaluation Based on my personal experiences in regard to cultural differences I had the impression that cultural differences can lose their power to affect the personal and economic life of a person if they are treated appropriately with no delay. In other words, I thought that the immediate response to the problems caused by cultural differences would lead to the quick resolution of these problems, prohibiting the expansion of the phenomenon to other areas. How ever, this assumption was not verified in practice. Despite the progress made in regard to the introduction of laws for securing equality and fairness in the workplace and in the context of the family, still cultural differences are quite powerful in influencing the personal and economic life of people of different background. On the other hand, due to the extension of the phenomenon, theorists and researchers had asked to state their view in regard to the current role of cultural differences and to the their expected influences in the future. The intervention of theorists in the exploration of the particular problem can be characterized as quite important, giving the chance for a thorough review of this theme’s aspects and for the identification of methodologies for facing the theme’s challenges. Indeed, it has been proved that through the decades a series of studies has been developed for explaining the reasons and the implications of cultural differences. At the sam e time, suggestions have been made for facing the effects of the phenomenon no matter the local social ethics and culture. Two have been the key findings of the research developed in this field: a) the intervention of cultural differences in political and economic decisions is unavoidable, b) the level at which this intervention can be expanded is depended on the willingness of the people living and acting in the social setting involved for respecting

Smartphone Market Essay Example for Free

Smartphone Market Essay With emerging mobile technologies and rapid growth in users of smartphones, there have been a lot of legal issues involved between the mobile phone producers. Standards are being set and patents are being registered by the producers to keep their market upright. These patents are registered mainly to monitor and implement the means to increase the number of consumers. This article will examine how these legal issues affect the end users and also about the legal issues which are being brought to the court. The article also discusses the implications of the current lack of specificity of the patents and suggests refinement of patents in terms of narrow versus broad inclusiveness. Analysis The smartphone market has taken a giant leap in the last decade with major markets emerging every day. The markets do have their own patent and copyright to keep their work intact from the other manufacturers. The legal issues binding to such patents are also complicated. These patents are directly connected to the profits and also market value. They are considered to be valuable and serve as the counter weight for the manufacturers in terms of the market place and to keep a competitive balance in the market. The author in the article tries to understand the legal battle between Apple and Samsung on various patents they use on their phone. Apple on one hand claims that Android market has been designed to copy iphones design and strategy whereas Samsung replies saying that familiar product design doesn’t mean imitation. This battles has started when Samsung launched the galaxy series. The legal battle mainly started with patent issues when Samsung went for Android market for their phones. The legal issues went public and familiar when Samsung was asked to pay $1.05 billion in damages as it acted wilfully in violating the patent rights. This also went to a stage where the Samsung’s key phones and tablets may be banned for sales and the world’s biggest technology provider has come to a stand- still with their four year low on market value after the verdict the US jury. Samsung has come to stage overturn the decision with the patent battles come to an end but it always seems like a fake promise to keep the competitive market balance in mind for the smart phones. While Samsung believes that the design and feature of Apple should not be allowed to claim patent whereas Apple strongly believes  that its design and features are its main market value and consider them as its intellectual property. More violations from Samsung’s end in patents have strengthened the case towards apple. These cases between Apple and Samsung have been spread to almost all the countries where they have their end consumers. Samsung being the main component supplier for Apple should have solved these issues amicably out of the court but failed to do so. The end customers are put in a question always whether to go for Samsung products or Apple products keeping in mind the legal issues these two companies have. The product support also went to a question mark because of the pending legal cases in the court. Most of the applications in both the phones are now in a question mark because of the pending patent rights. Both Apple and Samsung phone users are getting a software update in which many of the features goes for redesigning and certain legal issues goes missing. The functionality of the phone remain the same but the patent suits won goes for upgradation. Because of these copying acts of Samsung, Apple have won 1 billion for damages and that is not all it might have negative impacts on the phones already released. The android market which is having a market stake of 60 to 70 percent will lose some key functionality and also some specific features. This could also end up Samsung in redesigning and changing the features in the phones which they have already released in the market. The end customers are also in the queue up whether the battle for the smartphones will affect the functionality of the product they have bought in the market. With android markets being at stake it is hugely a question mark for Samsung to depend on such market which is highly competitive. Apple has shown the world that Samsung has copied the design and features of iphone. Apple in turn is trying the curb the android market which proves to be very competitive to the Iphone market. Apple tries to curb the manufacturers who are attached to Android market for which HTC legal cases and Samsung legal cases are a better example. Apple is tactically using its own method to slow down the android market by attacking the companies making android devices While the prospects of losing so many design and features to Apple it could just be a platform for android to try something new. This could be a push ahead move for android as they will try new things from now on and will not act as a shadow to ios. By introducing  Android 4.0 Google is trying to improvise and create a new unique operating system to support the android making companies. Since the android phones no more resemble a iphone in the market, it could be a boost to sell the new model phones in the market. The legal cases could have favoured Apple but the sales and the market value is favouring Samsung. The cases have favoured Apple but if the customer have to go away from old hat and needs a good change they have to go for a new smartphones which are using android operating system. The industry experts reckon that the android markets would boom after the complex decision from the jury come up as they conclude that the phones will have a new look and features which will attract the customers more than before. The market share of android making phones are also expected to rise with their new design and feature. The end customers are given a new glimpse of phones which is not a shadow or imitation of iphone with improved functionality and features. It gets better with wacky new designs for the customers and is proving to be a good idea for the manufacturers to try new things and new features on the phone. The law suits by apple in one form have helped the end customer to get new design and new features. This can be put in other words that there are now two different smart phones available which has different designs to excite the customer. References 1. Dan Levine Purnima gupta (2012) Reuters, 27 August [online] Available at http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/27/us-apple-samsung-legal-idUSBRE87Q02K20120827 (Accessed on 13 December 2012) 2. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/apple-iphone-violated-three-patents-damages-unclear-u-s-jury/articleshow/17604481.cms

American Big Business - A Case Study :: essays research papers

Singer Corporation, now known as Bicoastal Corporation, is the company that brought the world the sewing machine. There are Singer Sewing machines in almost every country in the world and Singer instructions in more than 50 languages. Mahatma Gandhi learned to sew on a Singer and called it â€Å"one of the few useful things ever invented.† I will attempt to explain how Singer came to be one of America’s big businesses. Isaac Merritt Singer was born in Pittstown, New York in 1811, and ran away from his immigrant parents at the age of 12 to join a troupe of traveling actors. He remained an actor until 1835, inventing things on the side. The first patent for a sewing machine was granted in 1790 in England but no one had been able to come up with a reliable design that did not need frequent repairs. Because of this sewing machines had never become commercially successful. In 1850 Singer came up with a design and patented it. In 1851 Singer and Company was born and the Singer sewing machine was an immediate success. The machine was, however very close in design to that of Elias Howe who had been on the verge of solving the problem of the unreliable sewing machine. He sued for patent infringement. Singer hired a young lawyer to defend him. In exchange for his services Clark became an equal partner in the company. Singer ran the manufacturing side and Clark the Financial side. Clark ended the lawsuit and pooled the two patents together creating the Singer Machine Combination. This was the first patent pool in America. Until the late 1850s, because of the price of the sewing machines, the company concentrated on the commercial market e.g. professional tailors and clothing manufactures. But around this time Clark introduced the first customer installment payment plan. Combined with an intensive marketing campaign, this meant that the product could reach a wider market than ever before and even those with relatively low incomes could afford the sewing machines. By 1855 Singer was the world’s biggest sewing company. It begans its overseas expansion starting in Paris, making Singer the world’s first international company. The first factory outside the United States was opened in Glasgow, Scotland in 1961, followed by distribution centers in London, England, and a factory in Brighton, England that was the biggest in the U.K. at the time. By 1867 international sales exceeded at home sales for the first time.

Beauty Within The Cultures by Phillip Namara Essay

How do you define beauty? Is it a small waist and large breasts? A perfect smile and straight hair? If you flip through the pages of an American fashion magazine, you may think beauty is narrowly defined†¦but that’s not the case. From thick ankles to small noses, women from five continents are revealing what’s considered beautiful in their countries. â€Å"It’s a way of connecting yourselves from your kitchen, your living room, your bedroom †¦ to the rest of the world.† The first culture I will speak about are the Koreans. In any subway car you will see young Korean women checking their hair and makeup in mirrors that come attached to their cell phones. For those with less image-savvy devices, the windows provide ample reflection for women to fretfully fix stray stands of hair or rouge streaks of foundation. This preoccupation with beauty is no less reflected in how many Korean women dress. High heels, mini-skirts and frilled blouses are not reserved for nights out on the town – they are the norm for many women going about their daily business. While looking good is a matter of boosting self-esteem for many women, there are often more practical reasons for going under the knife. A lot of women believe that their chances of employment are largely dependent on their looks and will improve significantly after a cosmetic touch-up. In this highly competitive society, where it is routine to send your photo attached to your resume, a pretty face can give you the edge in a job or college interview. The next country/culture we will look at is Africa. There are some countries in Africa who have recently adopted a new definition of beauty accepting the same beliefs as Western culture. However, many countries maintain a quite different perspective of what beauty means within Africa. This different perspective defines beauty as: * Large Breasts: In some countries, women with large chests are much more desirable and considered much more beautiful than women with small chests. * Ample Backside: In some countries, generally the same ones that consider big breasts to be beautiful, a large backside is desirable and considered beautiful. * Fat vs. Skinny: Although it has become a newly accepted form of beauty, being skinny is not desirable in every country in Africa. There are countries where brides are force fed in order to make them fat or to make them more desirable to their male counterparts. Although this may not be considered healthy, it is what many in the culture of these countries consider beautiful. * Skin Color: Another aspect of beauty in Africa relates to skin color. Many countries believe that a lighter skinned African woman is more desirable than those who have darker skin. Therefore, a market has grown for skin creams that will lighten the complexion of African women in order to make them more attr active to the opposite sex. Importance of Curves in African Beauty Looking at this list of what beauty means in certain parts of Africa, we can deduce that the more curves a woman has in some countries across the African continent, the more desirable she is to the opposite sex. The idea of this form of accepted beauty has caused many clothing designers in Africa to increase their sizes available in their clothing lines in order to show their acceptance that even a bigger woman can be beautiful. In Southwestern Asia, the area often known as the Middle East, the rejection of Western culture and beauty standards, along with the insurgence of Islamic traditions, has seen the rise in more traditional, Arabic clothing. This clothing tends to cover more of the body and gives only an alluring glimpse at the feminine figure within as a clear denunciation of the revealing outfits worn by many in the Western world. These outfits display the humble, demure and secret beauty of the wearer, whose husband is the only one with access to the body hidden within the folds of fabric. Still, with increasing globalization, many Western beauty ideals have spread throughout the world, while cultures with little contact outside their indigenous communities continue to observe their own beauty practices. Either way, ideals of beauty are ever-present throughout the diverse communities of world. Beauty Throughout The Ages It’s hard to believe that once upon a time, women were celebrated for their natural god-given bodies. In fact, the female standard of beauty has gone through many drastic changes over the last several hundred years. I’ve compiled a timeline of all the major trends over the past 600 years, starting with the Renaissance up until the last decade. Renaissance Body Type: The ideal Renaissance woman was more voluptuous than any other time in history. Paintings from this era depict women who would be considered beyond curvy by today’s standards – but at that time, these full-figured ladies were the epitome of sexiness. For the first time in recorded history, women were prized for their natural bodies. Beauty: The term â€Å"blondes have more fun† may have stemmed from the Renaissance, because they believed that the lighter the hair color, the better. As for make-up, pale ivory skin was considered sexy, and vermillion was used to tint the lips to a deep red color. Pale complexion and blood red lips – it seems like the Renaissance era may have originated the popular vampire-chic look. Victorian Body Type: Unlike Renaissance women, Victorian women were very body conscious. Sexy meant having the smallest waistline humanly possible, and in order to achieve this look, women wore corsets. Some corsets were wound so tight that women could hardly breathe, to the point where sitting down was completely out of the question. Many women would even break ribs trying to get their waistlines down to an inconceivable 12 inches. Beauty: Modesty was the operative word when it came to Victorian makeup. High-class women were expected to use makeup sparingly. Bold colors were considered trashy, and reserved for prostitutes. Some religions at the time even proclaimed beauty products to be â€Å"the look of the devil.† 1920’s Era Body Type: The 1920’s was a time when women didn’t want to look like women at all. We can’t imagine that men today would find this sexy, but some women from the 20’s era would even bind their chests with strips of cloth to achieve a â€Å"little boy† look – quite contradictory to some of the measures that today’s women take in order to amplify their chests. The loose silhouette of the flapper dress was in stark contrast to the corseted waist of the Victorian era. Elastic webbed girdles replaced corsets and gave off the look of a flat boyish abdomen. Beauty: Going right along with the boyish look, the hair bob or finger wave was a big trend. Bold make-up, which had once been considered â€Å"trashy,† was now considered sexy. Powder was applied to make the skin look as pale as possible, and eyebrows were lifted and penciled in to appear thin and bold. Kohl was used to line the eye and achieve an overall dramatic look. 1930-1970s Era Body Type: As they became more body conscious, women started to pay attention to what they ate. Fashions accented the arms and legs, so women lifted light weights to build muscle tone. The new padded stretch cotton bra was introduced – something we’re sure all men and women are very thankful for. Designers like Chanel (credited as the originator of the â€Å"little black dress†), Dior, and Elsa Schiaparelli started designing glamorous attire that allowed women to show off their feminine curves. Beauty: Hairstyles became more feminine than they had been in the 1920’s. Hair color varied, depending on which movie star one was trying to emulate. Jean Harlow made platinum blonde a trend, and meanwhile, Rita Hayworth made being a redhead popular. Last, but not least, Marlene Dietrich was a symbol for all the brunettes out there. Make-up became a little less drag, and more girl-next-door than in the 20’s. The pasty white skin trend was final ly passà ©, and women started opting for foundations closer to their natural complexions.

Effective Leadership Of Public Health - 1967 Words

Introduction Effective Leadership in Public health Leadership in health is all about the competency of the leader that involves cultivating an environment in which all the providers and consumers can contribute to their full potential for any health activity in such that the consumers know what is available and what best possible they can achieve and the providers to support the consumers in the best way possible to get the necessary information and cure if required in regards to public health sector (Andrew Garmen, 2006). For this requires effective public health leader who is there within the community to make them realise what is available and what is required so as to be able to advocate for services that are unavailable but required (Koh, 2009). The 21st century with various emerging health related problems there is widespread recognition that the challenges posed by obesity, alcohol, smoking, climate change issues etc requires solution from public health approaches where the role of leadership remains intact in tackling the pu blic health challenges of the 21st century (Pittman, 2013). This would need a leader as such who is a combination of administrative excellence with strong sense of professional welfare and builds enduring greatness through a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will for awareness rising to encourage and to initiate public health activities (Day et al., 2012). Leaders of public health can directly or indirectly impact theShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Authority ( Hca )1233 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy focuses on the similar issue that the Basic Health (BH) had to face in order to continue its program in providing health coverage to low-income families. 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