Criminal Law (Damage to Property) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Law (Damage to Property) - Essay Example The Criminal Damage Act 1971 has three different types of criminal damage offences: simple criminal damage which is covered under section 1(1), aggravated criminal damage under section 1(2) and Criminal damage by arson under section 1(3) (Crown Prosecution Services, 2011). This Act does not define what damage is or what may be assumed to be damage under certain circumstances, which has led to courts construing the term freely. The Act also does not limit damage to large scale life threatening destruction of property, small acts like smearing mud in a police cell’s walls is also considered a criminal offence under this law. The maximum punishment for an aggravated and arson criminal damage is life imprisonment. All other offences covered under this act attract a maximum penalty of ten years. Horace’s Liability In the first case scenario, Horace knowingly tinkers with the shop’s lock so that it may temporarily refuse to open. He causes this damage with the intent of making it possible for his boss to attend the Tennis Finals at Wimbledon. However, Horace’s well intentioned act is not appreciated by his boss who would rather open his shop than attend the match. He (the owner) is forced to close shop the whole day since he cannot secure a new part for the lock. According to the law, what Horace has committed is a simple criminal damage.... He causes this damage with the intent of making it possible for his boss to attend the Tennis Finals at Wimbledon. However, Horace’s well intentioned act is not appreciated by his boss who would rather open his shop than attend the match. He (the owner) is forced to close shop the whole day since he cannot secure a new part for the lock. According to the law, what Horace has committed is a simple criminal damage. S.1(1) of the Criminal Damage Act 1971 states that an individual is guilty of a criminal damage offence if he or she recklessly or intentionally destroys or damages property that belongs to another without any lawful excuse. Horace causes temporary damage to the shop’s lock so that it can stay closed on the day of the tennis finals at Wimbledon. He has committed an offence by knowingly damaging property that dos not belong to him (Ashworth, 1991). However, Horace did believe that he was doing his boss a favour by tinkering with the padlock. His action may have a lawful excuse since he believed that his boss’s attending to the shop was just as important as attending the tennis finals at Wimbledon. Under section 5 part 1 of the Criminal Damage Act 1971, a lawful excuse may exist if at the time of the damaging act the person accused of the offence â€Å"believed that the person or persons whom he believed to be entitled to consent to the destruction of or damage to the property in question had so consented, or would have so consented to it if he or they had known of the destruction or damage and its circumstances† (Crown Prosecution Services, 2011). Part b of the same subsection allows for lawful excuse if the accused party caused damage or destruction to property so as to protect

DBQ- minorities in world war II Essay Example for Free

DBQ- minorities in world war II Essay The following question requires you to write a coherent essay incorporating your interpretation of the documents and your knowledge of the period specified in the question. To earn a high score you are required to cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on your knowledge of the period. It is often claimed that the major American wars of the last 150 years have resulted in the most important social and political gains of minorities and women. Evaluate this statement with regard to the experience of minorities and women during World War II. Use evidence from the documents and your knowledge of the period from 1941 to 1945 to compose your answer. Brigadier General B. 0. Davis to General Peterson, 9 November 1943 (Brigadier Davis had just completed an inspection of military bases in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Michigan): â€Å"I was deeply impressed with the high morale and attitudes of the colored officers and soldiers stationed in the states visited in the past two months. They were so different from those of the colored officers and soldiers located in the Southern states. While there has been an improvement in general conditions, there is still great dissatisfaction and discouragement on the part of the colored people and the soldiers. They feel that, regardless of how much they strive to meet War Department requirements, there is no change in the attitude of the War Department. The colored officers and soldiers feel that they are denied the protection and rewards that ordinarily result from good behavior and proper performance of duty†¦.. The Press news items and reports of investigations show that there has been little change in the attitudes of civilian communities in Southern states. The colored man in uniform receives nothing but hostility from community officials. The colored man in u niform is expected by the War  Department to develop a high morale in a community that offers him nothing but humiliation and mistreatment. Military training does not develop a spirit of cheerful acceptance of Jim-Crow laws and customs. The War Department has failed to secure to the colored soldier protection against violence on the part of civilian police and to secure justice in the courts in communities near-by to Southern stations. In the areas recently inspected, the colored soldier feels that he can secure justice in the civil courts. He has not been set upon by the civilian police. He has not been denied the privilege of occupying empty seats in public buses, street cars, etc. taxicabs to serve him. This is not so in Southern communities.† President Roosevelt, Executive Order 9066, February 25, 1942: Whereas the successful prosecution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense material, national-defense premises, and national defense utilities. I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War, and the Military Commanders whom he may from time to time designate, whenever he or any designated commander deems such action necessary or desirable, to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion.† Korematsu v. United States, 1944. Mr. Justice Murphy, dissenting: â€Å"This exclusion of `all persons of Japanese ancestry, both alien and non-alien, from the Pacific Coast area on a plea of military necessity in  the absence of martial law ought not to be approved. Such exclusion goes over `the very brink of constitutional power and falls into the ugly abyss of racism. Individuals must not be left impoverished of their constitutional rights on a plea of military necessity that has neither substance nor support. Being an obvious racial discrimination, the order deprives all those within its scope of the equal protection of the laws as guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment. It further deprives these individuals of their constitutional rights to live and work where they will, to establish a home where they choose and to move about freely. In excommunicating them without benefit of hearings, this order also deprives them of all their constitutional rights to procedural due process. Yet no reasonable relation to an `immediate, imminent, and impending public danger is evident to support this racial restriction which is one of the most sweeping and complete deprivations of constitutional rights in the history of this nation in the absence of martial law† Congressman Rankin, Mississippi, February 18, 1942: â€Å"I know the Hawaiian Islands. I know the Pacific coast where these Japanese reside. Even though they may be the third or fourth generation of Japanese, we cannot trust them. I know that those areas are teeming with Japanese spies and fifth columnists. Once a Jap always a Jap.You cannot change him. You cannot make a silk purse out of a sows ear. Do not forget that once a Japanese always a Japanese. I say it is of vital importance that we getrid of every Japanese whether in Hawaii or on the mainland. They violate every sacred promise, every canon of honor and decency. This was evidenced in their diplomacy and in their bombing of Hawaii. These Japs who had been there for generations were making signs, if you please, guiding the Japanese planes to the objects of their inequity in  order that they might destroy our naval vessels, murder our soldiers and sailors, and blow to pieces the helpless women and children of Hawaii. Damn them! Let us get rid of them now!† Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat on the Home Front, October 12, 1942: â€Å"In order to keep stepping up our production, we have had to add millions of workers to the total labor force of the Nation. And as new factories come into operation, we must find additional millions of workers. This presents a formidable problem in the mobilization of manpower. It is not that we do not have enough people in this country to do the job. The problem is to have the right numbers of people in the right place at the right time. In some communities, employers dislike to employ women. In others they are reluctant to hire Negroes. In still others, older men are not wanted. We can no longer afford to indulge such prejudices or practices. Women are welders [sic] discuss the production of motor mounts and welded parts in a welding booth at the Inglewood, Calif., plant of North American Aviation, Inc. 1942. National Archives and Records Administration. President Roosevelt, Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941: WHEREAS it is the policy of the United States to encourage full participation in the national defense program by all citizens of the United States, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin, in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the Nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups within its borders; WHEREAS there is evidence that available and needed workers have been barred from employment in industries engaged in defense production solely because of considerations of race, creed, color, or national origin, to the detriment of workers morale and of national unity; NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes, and as a prerequisite to the successful conduct of our national defense production effort, I do hereby reaffirm the policy of the United States that there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin, and I do hereby declare that it is the duty of employers and of labor organizations, in furtherance of said policy and of this order, to provide for the full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries, without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin;

Major Themes in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men :: Steinbeck Of Mice and Men Essays

Major Themes in Of Mice and Men  Ã‚      The theme of loneliness is manifested many times in the work, Of Mice and Men and is often the dominant theme. This theme occurs during many circumstances but is not present from start to finish. In my mind for a theme to be pervasive is must be present during every element of the story. There are many themes that are present most of the way through such as sacrifice, friendship and comradship. But in my opinion there is only one theme that is present from beginning to end, this theme is pursuit of dreams. There are many characters where lonliness is evident throughout parts or all of their life. But all of these characters who appear to be lonely only tend to play a minor role in the story. This is not to say that they are insignificant but they help to convey the feelings and emotions that surround the major characters rather than their own. Characters like Curley's wife and Crooks are unmistakably lonely, but they show how their lonliness is the opposite of the two main characters, George and Lennie. Crooks actually states that George and Lennie have got each other but he hasn't got anyone. Curley's wife portrays the same message but under different circumstances. There are really no other main characters besides George and Lennie. From reading the novel and watching the film it is clearly evident in most cases that all of the support characters appear to be lonely. Therefore lonliness is quite a strong and influential theme in the story but it only features as a bakground theme and is not always present at critical stages. Themes such as sacrifice, comradship and freindship feature under very similar circumstances as lonliness but are also evident within the main characters. Candy made a sacrifice when he decided to have his ageing debilitated dog killed. But afterwards he regreted not having killed the dog himself, possibly having killed it at all. Just as when George killed Lennie, he knew it had to be done but he just kept making up excuses to avoid the inevitable. George made that sacrifice but unlike Candy he knew that if Lennie was to be killed he had to do it himself. The issue is morals, if there is such a thing as a moraly correct way to kill somebody thats how George did it, because during that time period in America there was not the resources nor facilities to deal with characters such as Lennie so drastic measures had to be taken.

Supply Issues Affectng the Copper Industry

Supply Issues Affecting the Copper Mining Industry As is demonstrated by the chart below, the demand for copper has exceeded the supply brought to market since 2009. In 2011, 16. 5 million tonnes of copper were produced worldwide and this amount is expected to grow by approximately 3% annually. Data from the International Copper Study Group (ICSG) for 2012 suggests that international demand for refined copper is expected to exceed production by about 240,000 metric tons.The slow growth forecasted in copper supply is speculated to continue to increase the production deficit into 2013 because of both long and short term issues that affect the copper production industry. (http://www. econmatters. com/2011/12/copper-2012-supply-struggling-to-meet. html) Declining Ore Grades Man has been mining copper for centuries. As is characteristic of many other heavily-mined minerals, high-grade copper areas are becoming increasingly rare as many of the largest and highest grade areas have been disc overed and depleted by mining companies.It was common in the early 1900`s to find sites that had up to 30% copper; however, the average percentage of copper in new sites found is 1% or less and deemed low grade. Because the copper production process is energy intensive, and therefore expensive, it becomes less feasible to develop the majority of new sites that are prospected. (http://www. mining-technology. com/features/featuremineral-munching-microbes-future-metal-mining) Falling Chilean Copper Output It is estimated that Chile produces about 35% of the world`s copper supply.However, Chilean copper production has fallen by 730 000 tonnes over the last decade. Although declining ore grades are part of the problem, as more iron ore must be processed to produce the same amount of copper creating cost overruns, supply disruptions at some of Chile`s largest mines continue to occur due to labour strikes. Labour striking tends to correlate with rises in the price of refined coppers as wel l as with large GDP increases, both of which have been seen over the last five years in Chile. (http://seekingalpha. om/instablog/389729-frank-holmes/247300-chart-of-the-week-struggling-copper-supply) Decreases in demand are not being met with needed foreign investment projects to develop new mines because of social factors. Since the beginning of copper exploration, the Chilean government has done little to regulate mining development. Many activists are beginning to file lawsuits and successfully halt new projects proposed by large mining companies because of the adverse effects of large scale mining on surrounding crops and water sources.In April 2012, GoldCorp Inc annulled a 3. 9 billion dollar copper project, known as El Morro, because courts deemed that the company had not engaged in proper due diligence procedures with the local indigenous community. (http://www. mining. com/popular-unrest-casts-doubt-over-billions-in-chilean-mining-projects-10820/) Geopolitical Instability i n High Grade Copper Regions Southern Africa has sparked the interest of many large copper production companies due to large, high-grade areas in South Africa, Zambia and the Congo.However, political instability and lack of infrastructure in these areas have severely affected the exploration and development of mines as they are seen as unstable and risky to foreign investors. Also, announcements of pending government policies in favour of copper resource nationalization have caused many existing projects to be halted until firmer decisions reached by ruling political parties. (http://copperinvestingnews. om/10134/copper-mining-africa-south-africa-zambia-congo-rio-tinto-anglo-american/) The above constraints are not easily rectified and suggest that the slow growth trends associated with copper supply will continue into the short-term future. For the purpose of this commodity investment decision, it is reasonable to assume that copper prices will continue to rise as the production def icit increases.

Pointers in Humanities

POINTERS IN HUMANITIES Test 2 year title what happen Chapter 2 Pre-Spanish Period Malayo-Polynesian Alphabet Chapter 3 The Spanish Period (1565-1898) Contribution of Spaniards, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – 1st gov. gen in the phil. Chapter 4 The Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898)3 priests killed GOMBURZA – Propaganda Movement(1872-1896) Chapter 5 The American Regime (1898-1941) First elected president â€Å"Gen.Emilio Aguinaldo† Chapter 6 Japanese Period (1941-1945) 3 poems HAIKU,TANAGA,KARANIWANG ANYO Chapter 7 Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970) Start of PALANCA AWARDS Chapter 8 Period Activism (1970-1972) Youth Power of Activism Chapter 9 Period of New Society (1972-1980) September 21 ,1972-PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY;Continuation of PALANCA Awards Chapter 10 Third Republic (1981-1985) â€Å"Ends of Martial Law† Chapter 11 Periods (1896-1999) â€Å"People Power† Test 1 1. hernando abaya-â€Å"Betrayal in The Philippines† 2. antonio enriquez-â€Å"Spot s In Their Wings And Other Stories† 3. ricardo demetillo-â€Å"The Heart of Emptiness is Black† 4. irilo bautista-â€Å"The Ritual†;†The Archipelagp†;†The Man Who Made a Covenant With The Wind†;†Charts† 5. Salvador P. Lopez – â€Å"For Freedom and Democracy† 6. maria luna lopez – â€Å"I Married a Newspaperman† wife of Salvador lopez 7. September 21 ,1972-PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY;Continuation of PALANCA Awards 8. Abbre –â€Å"KKK,SAGUPA,KTPD,SDK,MDP 9. jose lacaba – writers in activism period â€Å"DAYS OF DISQUIET†,† NIGHTS OF RAGE†,† THE FIRST QUARTERS STORM AND RELATED EVENTS† 10. Genoveva Edroza-â€Å"Kwento ni Mabuti†;†AKO’Y ISANG TINIG† 11. Pedro Dandan-â€Å"Mabangis na Kamay,Maamong Kamay† 12. Elpidio Capulong-â€Å"Planeta, Buwan at mga Bituin† 3. palanca awards- Carlos Palanca Sr. ; started in 1950; 14. teodo ro agoncillo-â€Å"ANG MAIKLING KWENTONG TAGALOG† 15. juan laya – â€Å"HIS NATIVE SOIL† 16. Rafael Zulueta da Costa – â€Å"Like The Molave† 17. Salvador P. Lopez – â€Å"Literature and Society† 18. The good fight- President Manuel L. Quezon’s autobiographynarciso reyes 19. three poems- in Japanese period HAIKU,TANAGA,KARANIWANG ANYO 20. bembol roco-lead role in the movie†MAYNILA†¦SA MGA KUKO NG LIWANAG† 21. Fernando Poe Jr. -AGUILA 22. Hilda Coronel-â€Å"INSIANG† 23. freddie aguilar – singer â€Å"ANAK†; revision of â€Å"BAYAN KO† 24. hiela coronel- a PANORAMA staff 25. jaja-â€Å"JUSTICE FOR AQUINO, JUSTICE FOR ALL† 26. people power-â€Å"Feb. 21-25, 1986†; aka. LAKAS NG BAYAN 27. nvm Gonzales – â€Å"LUNSOD NAYON AT DAGAT DAGATAN†;†Seven Hills Away†;Poet and Fictionist 28. jesus peralta-â€Å"Grave for Blue Flower† 29. estrella alf on-â€Å"The White Dress† 30. narciso reyes – â€Å"LUPANG TINUBUAN† 31. liwayway arceo – â€Å"UHAW ANG TIGANG NA LUPA† 32. Alejandro Abadilla-â€Å"MGA PILING KATHA†;†MGA PILING SANAYSAYA† 33. PEN-Poets, Essayist, Novelist 34. July 4, 1946 – Philippines regained its freedom 35. CCC- Children’s Communication Center

Free Essays on Aswan High Dam

INTRODUCTION: The livelihood and stability of Egypt `s population is directly linked to the Nile valley and delta. Although these two regions account for less then 5% of Egypt `s land surface (fig. 1), all its agriculture and water sources are concentrated in these areas (White 1988). The water sources for the Nile are the Blue Nile (originating at Ethiopian highland) and the White Nile (draining east central Africa and Sudan).The river flows through Egypt toward the Mediterranean sea, forming a delta at its south-east coast. Fig. 1 - The Nile path after building the Aswan high dam. (White 1988). Prior to the beginning of emplacement of barrage along the Nile in the last century, the river had a seasonally fluctuating fluvial regime (Hurst 1964). Its annually water discharge at the coast was above 8*1010 m3, caring about 10*108 tons of sediments (Eldardir 1994), and was the main sediment source for the east Mediterranean (Stanley and Wingerath 1996). At the end of the 19th century two major sediment bearing distributors were active (Damietta and Rosetta, fig. 2) (Stanley 1996). A series of barrages along the Nile (north of Aswan) were constructed during the 19th century regulating flow and navigation (Elassiouti 1983). At the beginning of the 20th century the first dam in Aswan, the low dam, was build. This dam was designed to generate hydroelectric power and, to decrease the seasonal fluctuations in the Nile flow (without carrying any water storage over from one year to another). Accordingly, it hasn't stored any significant amounts of Nile silt. During the 1950's the Egyptian government had to face a very high population grow rate (~3% a year). Given its limited resources of arable land in the Nile valley, Egypt was looking for opportunities to expand its agriculture, energy, and associated manufacturing production. The easiest alternative was to expand the irrigated areas and to inc... Free Essays on Aswan High Dam Free Essays on Aswan High Dam INTRODUCTION: The livelihood and stability of Egypt `s population is directly linked to the Nile valley and delta. Although these two regions account for less then 5% of Egypt `s land surface (fig. 1), all its agriculture and water sources are concentrated in these areas (White 1988). The water sources for the Nile are the Blue Nile (originating at Ethiopian highland) and the White Nile (draining east central Africa and Sudan).The river flows through Egypt toward the Mediterranean sea, forming a delta at its south-east coast. Fig. 1 - The Nile path after building the Aswan high dam. (White 1988). Prior to the beginning of emplacement of barrage along the Nile in the last century, the river had a seasonally fluctuating fluvial regime (Hurst 1964). Its annually water discharge at the coast was above 8*1010 m3, caring about 10*108 tons of sediments (Eldardir 1994), and was the main sediment source for the east Mediterranean (Stanley and Wingerath 1996). At the end of the 19th century two major sediment bearing distributors were active (Damietta and Rosetta, fig. 2) (Stanley 1996). A series of barrages along the Nile (north of Aswan) were constructed during the 19th century regulating flow and navigation (Elassiouti 1983). At the beginning of the 20th century the first dam in Aswan, the low dam, was build. This dam was designed to generate hydroelectric power and, to decrease the seasonal fluctuations in the Nile flow (without carrying any water storage over from one year to another). Accordingly, it hasn't stored any significant amounts of Nile silt. During the 1950's the Egyptian government had to face a very high population grow rate (~3% a year). Given its limited resources of arable land in the Nile valley, Egypt was looking for opportunities to expand its agriculture, energy, and associated manufacturing production. The easiest alternative was to expand the irrigated areas and to inc...

Thomas Edison essays

Thomas Edison essays Have you ever wondered how such things as light bulbs came to be? Outstanding inventors such as Thomas Alva Edison gave people of his time the first advantage of using electric light. Edison was a great inventor and creator of things from the light bulb to the phonograph, which led people to the later inventions of CD stereos and music recordings. Where would the world be without music? I guess you could consider him the worlds first disc jockey. He was the creator of one of the most significant inventions of modern man. Can you imagine living in todays world with candles and kerosene lanterns as our only source of evenings light? Where would Las Vegas be without Edisons genius? Born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio, Edison had a real talent for being intelligent for his age of time. He was the seventh and last child of Samuel Edison, Jr. and Nancy Elliot Edison. They had no special mechanical background. His parents were very intent on wanting their son Thomas to focus on reading but he could not take his mind off of his new love of invention. At the age of 10, Edison had created his first laboratory for his experiments in the basement of his parents home. At that point in life there was no turning back for Thomas Alva Edison, he was committed to creating inventions for the rest of his life. In 1879 in Newark, New Jersey his workshop after years of work, Edison finally succeeded on his creation of the light bulb. After spending $40,000, and performing 1,200 experiments, he had finally found that the key was to use carbonized filaments of cotton thread to make his invention work. Thomas Alva Edison added many contributions to the every day life. And a fter his death in 1931, his laboratory in Newark, New Jersey continued to invent things and make an impact on everyday lives of the common people of todays society. I guess you could say, he set the groundwork for many of today...

When You Feel Overwhelmed... Or Fail - CoSchedule Blog

When You Feel Overwhelmed... Or Fail Blog Marketers (just like you) are overwhelmed. Theres so much to do to be successful. Or is there? The noise is so intimidating: If you write a blog post, you better optimize it for SEO. That content  better be at least 2,500 words long. You have to research everything + back up your claims. It has to  be actionable. It has to be well-designed. You need to build an email list so you can share it. You need to post it on all of your social networks. All of the messages should be optimized for each social media account. You need to publish that blog post, send that email, and post to every social network at the best time. The list goes on and on. ^ And that example is just for writing a blog post. What about writing, designing, publishing, and promoting e-books, hosting webinars, starting your podcast, and beyond? Im sure you see my point. When You Feel Overwhelmed Or FailBut what would your life be like if you were to  focus on doing fewer things extremely well? You will create more effective projects. You will build skills and subsequently boost your efficiency. You will improve  a process you can delegate, and subsequently scale your results. Intense focus on doing work that actually makes a difference will  eliminate the overwhelm. And subsequently, you will fail less frequently. Do one thing well. Then embellish upon it. Do one thing well. Then embellish upon it.A big mentor of mine told me recently: Think of every project in terms of little experiments. via @garrett_moon Nathan Ellering (@njellering) January 31, 2017 If you look at that blog post you want to write as an example here, that means: Write the dang thing. Ship it (imperfections and all). ^  At first, you dont need to optimize it for search engines. It doesnt need to be extremely well-edited. You may not need graphics at all. You dont need to optimize it to capture email addresses. Because if you dont focus on doing one thing well at first- and let yourself become overwhelmed with #allthethings  you could do- youre probably spreading yourself too thin. Youre doing many things just alright  without doing one thing extremely well. All of the fringe things that make up a well-rounded  project will come over time. But, as Seth Godin says: If you don’t ship, you actually haven’t started anything at all. At some point, your work has to intersect with the market. At some point, you need feedback as to whether or not it worked. Otherwise, it’s merely a hobby. After you nail the core skill that will make your project successful, you can optimize it further. As you think of projects in terms of little experiments, you  wont waste time  writing an entire strategy around something that is actually a big huge guess. Ship. Learn. Iterate. 9 Things  We Tried  That Didnt Work Out So Well At Least At First And with that here are a number of experiments  the (mostly) marketing team at has tried and failed. Im sharing these stories  so you can implement a similar approach of  testing + agility in your marketing operations. Also learn from our failures so you dont have to experience them yourself. #1: Executing Without A Solid Plan Is Kind Of A Bad Idea (Really Bad, Actually) Last year, I got really excited about launching an editorial strategy course. We had just added a couple new friends  to  the marketing team. So I wanted to refocus my time on something completely new and exciting. I jumped into creating content without telling anyone. The goal, the game plan, the sprints, the tasks- everything existed in my head and was not communicated well with the team. I didnt even ask them for their thoughts on what a great course would look like for the audience. The result? I had to scrap a lot of work and restart. This is why I remind myself: Fail fast. Fail once. Now we have a brainstorming meeting for big ideas like this where I ask the team one question: What would a project like this look like for ? Everyone helps  shape the project. Everyone has  a stake in the strategy. Then I pare down the ideas into realistically achievable sprints. #2: More Meetings Fewer Meetings A lot of people think fewer meetings are  better than  more meetings. Theyre wrong. Our  Product team often uses meetings as a  method to get more work done faster. For example, theyll touch base in the mornings. Then theyll set up another touch point that day in mid-afternoon for a show and tell of what theyve completed so far. This gives the product owners a chance to review the progress and see how things are looking. So if anyone is off track, they can course correct without wasting a lot of time working on  something that would be changed anyway. More touch points like this keep us focused. The key is  these meetings are focused on execution + creating effective work quickly. Theyre like deadlines. And they work because nobody  wants to show up for a show and tell and have nothing to show. #3:  Data-Driven Decisions Assumptions Its easy to let assumptions guide your work. Its another to use data to understand what really works. We tested sending well-designed emails to our audience with the assumption that more people would click through. After testing the designed emails against plain text, the results were not even close. Plain text emails get way more clickthroughs with our audience. But if we hadnt tested, we would have never known. Test. Measure. Learn. Its easy to let assumptions guide your work. Its another to use data to understand what really#4: Plan Way Ahead For Video Content We recently launched #OverheardAt, a new video series. It was a brand new project without a defined process. Snags included sketching, video length, and editing in post-production. ^ Essentially, a better plan + over-communication is the best way to resolve those challenges with video, especially because its really hard to change video content after its been recorded. A big lesson here is that  this was the first time doing it. To build a skill and a solid, repeatable process, you need to start, hone, and optimize. We wont make the same mistakes again. To build a skill and a solid, repeatable process, you need to start, hone, and optimize.#5:  Start + Improve In October 2016, we launched a weekly podcast called The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast. Like any skill you build, I started by first concentrating on finding amazing guests  and sharing helpful  stories other marketers would love. I had to learn a brand new process complete with the foundation/structure + outreach + writing questions + actual interviews + audio quality + promotion + a lot more. My early interviews were a little rocky. The audio could have been better. But Ive gotten a lot more comfortable, and now I just edit out my awkwardness (ha). Now that were covering lots of different marketing topics, weve also changed the name of the podcast to The Actionable Marketing Podcast. Its a matter of focus. And you can listen to my thoughts on that here. The lesson learned here is starting, shipping, iterating. #6: Spend Money To Make Money We started dabbling in AdWords and Facebook Ads to reach a larger audience. At first, I was spending next to nothing and getting next to no results. For projects like paid advertising, you need to invest a significant amount up front because you have no idea what kind of ads will convert (and which wont). Which means, especially as you start, you need to spend some money to understand whats not working to know where you can improve. Ad creative is a big huge guess until you look at the data. Some of my favorite ads never converted while some ads I would have never guessed would do so well are still among our top-performers today. Again, personal opinion should never get in the way of measuring real results. #7: Customers   Traffic + Email Subscribers Profitable customer action. Thats the reason marketing exists, right? To drive profitable customer action. For about two years, the Content Marketing team at focused on building traffic. Once the traffic was on our website, we optimized the content to convert that traffic into email subscribers. That is still an approach I recommend starting with. But weve recently made a pivot. What we used to call our Content Marketing team is now the Demand Generation team. Its a matter of focus: To provide the most helpful marketing content on the internet that attracts an audience of marketers who are interested in organizing their marketing execution with . Were using data to understand what content we publish influences the best kinds of customers for our business. Then we learn the  qualities + topics that help us  attract the right audience. And we use that knowledge to  ship more content that aligns among  our best performers. ^ Id definitely recommend doing this for your own marketing. #8: Stop Doing Whats Not Working (RIP #CoChat) For about six months, we hosted a weekly Twitter chat. Six months deep, I wrote a quick survey and shared it with our Twitter chat participants. I really wanted to know if any of them were more likely to buy because of the  chat. The results were a resounding no. Not a single participant was more likely to purchase because of participating in the chat. At least, thats what they told me. Literally. So, as a matter of focus, we shut down #CoChat. It was sucking our resources into a project that was not delivering measurable results to our goals. Stop whats not working to refocus your efforts on what does. Stop whats not working to refocus your efforts on what does.#9: Reward Yourself  For Providing Value concentrates on providing value in every project we ship. When we launched our Headline Analyzer the first time, we  didnt have a way to capture email subscriber leads. When we saw the tool take off, we provided a  content upgrade in exchange for an email address. The tool was valuable for our audience. For free. So we wanted to also have a way to continue to communicate with those folks. Thats fair. Heres another example:  We knew  our audience loved getting free PDFs. Then we started experimenting more: Wouldnt editable spreadsheets, Word docs, and slide decks be even more helpful? And what if we bundled more of those things together so instead of giving one thing away for free, wed give away three, five, or heck, even 10? ^ Every time we gave away more helpful stuff, we converted more people. Every time we gave away more helpful stuff, we converted more people.When you provide something valuable, you, as a marketer, deserve to be rewarded in some way. Think about the conversions, the desirable action. You put in the work, you deserve something out of it. Dont be afraid to make the ask. How To Overcome The Overwhelm (Or Failures) So what  have all of those stories + failures  taught us about overcoming the overwhelm? Plan Your Work. Then Work Your Plan. People who write down goals are more likely to make them a reality. Plan how you will execute a project. Then follow the plan. Leave out the frills and focus. Start With Minimum Viable Tests (Then  Optimize Further) Garrett likes to say: The simplest approach is often the best place to start. Nail a core skill, then optimize further. Doing Less Is Often Doing More You dont have to do everything to be successful. Instead of spreading yourself too thin,  master a 10x project. Then scale it. Being really good at one thing is better than being mediocre at many things. Embrace Frameworks Thought processes are easy to pass along to your team when you embrace easy-to-remember frameworks. For example, the framework that drives our entire Demand Generation strategy is: The right content The right audience The right amount of effort If we do those three things incredibly well, we win.  Everyone on the team can repeat that framework to you if you were to ask. Could your marketing team benefit from a simple framework like that? Ship + Learn + Iterate Dont shoot for perfection. Create something just good enough to produce the desired result. Learn the skill. Then hone it. As you improve your process, optimize it with additional opportunities for growth.

Research Proposal Form Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Proposal Form - Dissertation Example In 1974, being the earliest legal opportunity, majority of the 16-year old British boys left full-time education. The driving force behind differentials in earnings at given levels of experience is the variation in years of schooling prior to labour market entry depicted in the simplest human capital model. But this model is inapplicable for the majority of young people in Britain because they have no schooling beyond the compulsory level. Therefore, it is essential to determine the big variation of success in the labour market regarding this group of young men. We observe the boys who left school in 1974 at the age of 16, and analyse their success with their respective occupations in 1981 (Connolly, et al. 1991; Elias & Blanchflower, 1988), by computing the average gross hourly earnings (over the whole male labour force) in the relevant occupation, gathered data from the Department of Employment’s New Earnings Survey. The sample considered is drawn from the National Child Dev elopment Study (NCDS) panel which is based on all individuals born in Britain in the week, March 3-9, 1958. The current paper aims to gather perceptions and causal attributions of the general public on youths not in employment, education, or training. The eventual goal is to facilitate these youth’s process of finding meaning – that is, assisting them in determining their rightful niches in society.

Choosing an Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Choosing an Office - Essay Example ns to find one that reflects the true preference, for example, the cost of the office might be very conducive, but the accompanying distance is very high. The two scoring options that were dominated became better in the swing preference table because of the weights assigned to each alternative. The outcomes of the different alternatives change according to the relative position of the alternative on the preference table. For example, the weight for size is 3, therefore, a preference with a high figure for size would benefit more. In this case, Baranov has a preference score of 0 for size while Parkway has a preference score of 90. Therefore, this implies that a preference score in one factor severely affects the preference score in another factor. The swing weights method is easier to explain to a client because the client will be able to see the differences in weights and their assignment. This means that a client will understand why each alternative is being assigned the weight it is assigned, and why the outcomes come out in a specific manner. This choice is also effective if the choices are way more than the ones in this case. For example, if Alan had 40 sites to evaluate, using the even swaps method would take a lot of time and confuse the client. Therefore, it is advisable to use the swing weights

An essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

An - Essay Example The argument of associating some people with one thing and others with a different thing is not pro-music. This article highlights an individual’s strive to achieve something that many people could only dream of back in the history addressed in the article. The move to engage in rock even when expected not to breaks the usual and points out to the possibility of achieving something unusual. From a neutral point of view, however, black or white does not make bad or good. The most important factor to consider is the interest, drive, and motive behind that music genre. What this means is that both black and white people cannot do whatever and be whomever they want by putting the racial factor aside. The result would be a harmonized society where the dreams, interests, talents, and goals of an individual overrule one’s racial or cultural background. The author makes a significant statement in the article, which notes, â€Å"Listening to rock felt like sneaking past guards of racial barriers† (Douglas, 2013). In light of this statement, it is evident that race, culture, and music are critically intertwined. The statement implies that rock music is not a black people’s thing. The truth of the matter, however, is that music and music genres have no racial boundaries. The misconception therein follows social events that sought to define who does what and why. Such misconceptions and stereotypes only stand to derail musical progress among racial differentials. Music is an art without boundaries. In other words, it should be defined in words that go beyond racial concerns. The white or black factor should not feature anywhere as far as rock is concerned. In light of this article, there is notable difference between the time referred to in the article and today. Back then, racial profiling and potential segregation were evident. Today, however, majority of people have become

Dwight D. Eisenhower as President Research Paper

Dwight D. Eisenhower as President - Research Paper Example (â€Å"Biography: Dwight David Eisenhower.†). Eisenhower excelled at sports, particularly football, and was an enthusiastic outdoorsman. The skills he nurtured at Abilene included poker, keen powers of observation and personal assessment, and racial integration. A tireless worker, he produced and sold tamales and vegetables, harvested wheat, and served as a fireman every night of the week (â€Å"All About Eisenhower.†). Eisenhower won an appointment to West Point in 1911. He detested hazing, and exhibited natural leadership qualities, graduating in the upper half of his class in 1915. He married Mamie Geneva Doud in July 1916. They had two sons, Doud Dwight, who died at age three, and John Sheldon Doud. Eisenhower’s military career continued until 1948, when he resigned to become the President of Columbia University. In 1950, he was appointed the Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. He was elected the thirty-fourth President of the United States on 4 November, 1954 and went on to serve a second term. Eisenhower retired from the Presidency to live on Gettysburg Farm in Pennsylvania. Eisenhower played the role of Elder Statesman, advising the Republican Party and Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. Following a rapid decline in health, he was admitted to the Walter Reed hospital, where he died of heart failure on 28 March, 1969. Eisenhower was buried in his â€Å"beloved Abilene† (â€Å"Biography: Dwight David Eisenhower.†). Eisenhower’s brilliant military career makes for impressive reading. The newly commissioned second lieutenant was posted at   Ft. Sam Houston, Texas in 1915. The following years saw him make the round of military posts in Texas, Georgia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. His duties included football coaching, and training recruits for World War I. He served in the War Department's First Transcontinental Motor Convoy. He was deeply disappointed in missing active World War I d uty. (â€Å"Biography: Dwight David Eisenhower.†). In 1920, after volunteering to be a Tanks Corps observer, Eisenhower authored a critical article â€Å"advocating that the Army make better use of tanks to prevent a repetition of the static and destructive trench warfare of World War I† (â€Å"American President: Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969)†). Eisenhower was reprimanded for this. His transfer to the Panama Canal Zone brought him under the mentorship of General Fox Connor, who helped him to enter the elite Command and General Staff School at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. Eisenhower graduated first in his class. As an aide to General Pershing, he toured Europe, gaining valuable insights. He went on to serve as military advisor to General MacArthur in the Philippines, helping to develop an effective Philippine army. On his return to America, Eisenhower’s sterling leadership and planning skills in the Louisiana Maneuvers made him a Brigadier General. At the out break of World War II hostilities, Eisenhower’s Pacific war plans impressed Army Chief of Staff George Marshall, and resulted in Eisenhower’s meteoric rise to a five-star General. He ensured cooperation among the allies as Commanding General, US Army, European Theater; he commanded the Allied troops’ invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch; he directed the invasion of Sicily and Italy; he served as the Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in the invasion of Western Europe in Operation

Gender Equality Education in the U.K Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender Equality Education in the U.K - Essay Example This essay stresses that teachers are expected to set high expectations and provide equal opportunities to both the boys and girls in studying subjects of their choice. This way, students learn that anything can be done and there is nothing like science subjects and Mathematics are for boys and not girls; also, that women belong to the languages and humanities sector. This has impacted on the future careers of girls as they choose courses in the humanities and language sector and not physics and mathematics courses , being that the science subjects and mathematics are considered masculine. This continues in the U.K, being more entrenched in the education system. In and out of school, pressure to conform to traditional behavior has persisted with women avoiding Physics and Information Technology while opting for English, Biology and History. This paper focuses on various gender issues in education and their impact on student performance. It has been made clear to us why students from both sexes should be treated equally in terms of the subjects to be done and not limit boys to a particular group of subjects and the girls too. These stereotypes based on gender are the ones that have impacted much negatively on students’ performance in the U.K. We equally have seen how girls have managed to prove wrong the idea of them not being able to perform as better when it comes to boys and the science subjects. Therefore, it is important noting that every pupil whether male or female can succeed in whichever subject and direct their career to the direction they please.

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Strategic management - Essay Example From the report, it is clear that the greatest threats that face Kepak Group are the increase in costs for the beef industry in terms of technology and the threat from cheaper beef from South America. However, they have major opportunities in the increase of population and evolving diets in Asia. This has informed their strategy. Table of Contents Contents Page 1. Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 3. Kepak’s Business Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......4 4. Kepak’s current strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5. Appraisal of Kepak’s Business Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 6. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 7. Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 REVIEW OF THE STRATEGIC SITUATION OF KEPAK Introduction Kepak Group is a dynamic and young business that has become a leading company for food processing in Europe. Their success has been informed by their belief in pursuing a partnership approach through the development of customer relationships. The company is dedicated to consumer focus, brand management, innovation, as well as unwavering commitment to ensuring food safety. Because of volatile market requirements, Kepak Group continues to provide its consumers with quality products at prices that are competitive. Their operations are divided into three business units that comprise of Agra Trading, Kepak Convenience Foods, and Kepak Meat Division. Each of this division plays a crucial role in the expansion and growth of Kepak Grou p. The group processes more than 25,000 tons of consumer foods, 1.5 million lambs, and 30,000 cattle every year and has more than â‚ ¬750 million in turnover, employing in excess of 2,000 people. They have nine facilities for manufacturing across Ireland, as well as the UK, with sales presence in major countries in the EU and globally and a South American operations office. Kepak’s Business Environment PEST Analysis Political factors: With regards to the WTO, the lift from a successful DOHA Round deal would have to be balanced, as well as take Ireland’s agricultural interests into account. Ireland’s department of Agriculture continues to show strong reservations concerning current agricultural proposals in agricultural, particularly its potential effects on the Irish beef industry (Garavan, 2011: p43). It is estimated that Irish cattle prices could drop by 9% with output value of Irish beef dropping by â‚ ¬120m. A tariff reduction of 23%, furthermore, unde r sensitive designation of products would see beef imports increasing in the EU by 30%. Alternatively, if beef is not designated as a sensitive product, its negative impact on agriculture in Ireland could be higher. These circumstances, which would lead to a 70% tariff cut, would result in a drop in price for Irish beef, by more than 28% before the year 2017 and an annual beef output fall of â‚ ¬380m every year. Economic factors: The recent years have seen fluctuations of commodity prices, especially for beef and cereals. The medium-term products concerning agricultural commodities, despite the economic crisis, are promising (Garavan, 2011: p45). Changing dietary patterns, improved living

Gender Equality Education in the U.K Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender Equality Education in the U.K - Essay Example This essay stresses that teachers are expected to set high expectations and provide equal opportunities to both the boys and girls in studying subjects of their choice. This way, students learn that anything can be done and there is nothing like science subjects and Mathematics are for boys and not girls; also, that women belong to the languages and humanities sector. This has impacted on the future careers of girls as they choose courses in the humanities and language sector and not physics and mathematics courses , being that the science subjects and mathematics are considered masculine. This continues in the U.K, being more entrenched in the education system. In and out of school, pressure to conform to traditional behavior has persisted with women avoiding Physics and Information Technology while opting for English, Biology and History. This paper focuses on various gender issues in education and their impact on student performance. It has been made clear to us why students from both sexes should be treated equally in terms of the subjects to be done and not limit boys to a particular group of subjects and the girls too. These stereotypes based on gender are the ones that have impacted much negatively on students’ performance in the U.K. We equally have seen how girls have managed to prove wrong the idea of them not being able to perform as better when it comes to boys and the science subjects. Therefore, it is important noting that every pupil whether male or female can succeed in whichever subject and direct their career to the direction they please.

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Literature review - Essay Example The statement of aims and objectives in the main body is clearly provided and thus guarantees a score of 3. First and foremost is the research method used in collecting data for this study. According to the research paper data was collected from only those nursing students who had earlier participated in similar â€Å"peer learning partnerships†. This appears to be a narrow and restrictive criteria for carrying out this particular study since students who have already participated in such activities are generally conditioned to answer and/or show emotions a particular way as opposed to students who have never been part of such a study. Spontaneous responses, hence, are lessened to some extent. Moreover the paper fails to specify its data concerning the students involved within the study in a quantitative manner. There is no detailed mention of how many students joined in the research study or whether they were initially comfortable with the ground rules laid out for them. The study does not specify the number of dropouts (if any). There is also no detail why the students might have felt the need to be no longer part of the research study. The study does not make any mention of the response rate of the students under observation. It only mentions that in a moderated group environment the students tended to speak at the same time which again led to confusion when taking down responses in an organized manner. The nurses only provide data concerning their feelings and emotions when in a student-mentorship relationship. For most of the students in the group this would be classified as a positive experience since they would have decided it prior to joining the research study group that they were getting enrolled in this study as a positive experience and self study as well as self development. Hence, there are largely positive undercurrents to such a study as opposed to signs

Business Ethics Tyco International Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics Tyco International Essay Description of Organization and Product Tyco International Ltd. is a corporation with official headquarters based in Pembroke, Bermuda but the company maintains operational headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey. Tyco has grown into a multi-billion dollar company (scattered in over 100 countries) with revenue of $41.0 billion USD (2006) to boast. Founded in 1960 by Arthur J. Rosenberg, Tyco was birthed when Rosenberg opened a laboratory intended for research and experimental works catered for government use. Incorporated by 1962 as Tyco Laboratories, it shifted its focus to developing scientific materials as well as energy conversion products, which now caters for the commercial sector. Tyco is a manufacturing and service conglomerate which is involved in a variety of products ranging from electronics, fire and security services, healthcare, aerospace, and some industrial products. For instance, its passive and active electronic components are found in computers, aerospace, automobiles, industrial machines, and household appliances among others. Under its fire protection and electronic security operations, it is responsible for designing, manufacturing, and installing products as well as providing services in these areas. Part of Tyco’s Healthcare business involves medical, pharmaceutical, surgical, imaging, and respiratory products. The company also manufactures industrial valves, and fire sprinklers thereby giving services in residential and industrial settings (â€Å"Tyco: Our Business†). It also provides services consultation on engineering and construction management, including operating services. Through one of its subsidies, the company also has an integrated system used for the tracking and controlling public transportation system, tunnels, and bridges. Furthermore, Tyco is involved in the monitoring of systems of burglar fire alarms, and on medical alert systems where 24-hour monitoring and response is necessary. Tyco is also engaged in buying steel and resin in the United States, as well as copper, gold, zinc, brass, paper, ink, cotton, wax, chemicals and additives. Other products purchased by the group are foil, copper clad materials, adhesives, and cloth. As of 2005, Tyco is responsible for employing about 247,900 people in its company (â€Å"Company Research: Tyco International Ltd.†). Tyco’s phenomenal growth can be traced back in the late 1980s when the company engaged in a number of acquisitions in some major companies such as ADT, Siemens Electrochemical Components, Thorn Security, and Mueller Company. But it was not until the 1990s and the subsequent years that Tyco became more aggressive in its acquisition strategy under Dennis Kozlowski as CEO. In a span of about eleven years (from 1991 to 2001), Tyco has reportedly acquired 1000 other companies. It was in 1997 that Tyco made the controversial shift of headquarters from Massachusetts to Bermuda, after the company’s acquisition of ADT.   ADT Limited has its origins which can be traced way back in the 1900s in the United Kingdom and by 1980s was restructured under the laws of Bermuda. Although part of the merger, since ADT was incorporated in Bermuda, it was still perceived as a shrewd move to avoid taxes. Shareholder and investors were later informed of this tax advantage. A partial list of Tyco’s products and its brands: AMP for its electronic components and cables RAYCHEM for circuit protection devices Ansul, Total Weather, Skum Sabo for fire fighting products Kendall, Monoject, Shiley for medical supplies Simplex Grinnell, Wormald for fire sprinklers OpenSky and EDACS for critical communications systems Violation / People Involved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the 1990s, the company continued to show a stable and steady rise in income. But by 1999, rumors of accounting irregularities began to leak with charges directed against Tyco’s top executives: Dennis Kozlowski (former chairman and chief executive), Mark H. Swartz (former chief financial officer), and Mark Belnick (former general counsel). These accusations were vehemently denied by the company’s leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was not until January of 2002 that prosecutors found Kozlowski guilty of tax evasion for his art purchases. Investigators later followed a trail of lavish expenditures, thereby making Kozlowski’s tax evasion scheme a mere ‘tip of the iceberg’.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eight months later, these three men were arrested and tried before the New York State Supreme Court. Kozlowski and Swartz were charged of robbing the company of about $600 million with the aid of Belnick. They were found guilty of treating Tyco as a personal bank account, stealing worth of $170 million through company loans and $430 million worth of fraudulent sales of securities without the company’s shareholders knowledge (â€Å"Three Tyco Execs Indicted for Fraud†). Kozlowski was found guilty of masterminding a series of ethical violations, by misusing corporate funds for relocation and executive loan programs. Since 1996 up to 2002, these two men awarded themselves hundreds of millions of dollars with low or no-interest loans usually from Tyco’s Key Employee Corporate Loan Program (KELP). The company explicitly defined the purpose of the program. Tyco’s KELP was designed to provide loan assistance for Tyco key employees to pay their taxes when investing upon Tyco’s common stock. Of the $270 million that Kozlowski took through KELP loans (from 1997 to 2002), about $29,000,000 only were used for taxes because of the result of the vesting of Tyco stock. The rest of the money were improperly used for self-serving interests such as acquiring luxury apartments and estates, expensive artworks, estate jewelry, a yacht, and spending about $100 million for a lavish party for his second wife. Also, Kozlowski is now notoriously known for owning a gold-laced shower curtain worth $6,000 a picture for his lavish lifestyle. He also used KELP funds to finance his own personal investments and other business ventures, deliberately violating the program’s purpose. Swartz also misappropriated about $85,000,000 dollars from the company’s KELP loans during these same periods. Following from Kozlowski’s example, he too appropriated only about $13,000,000 dollars to cover taxes as a result from the vesting of Tyco stock. Swartz misappropriated the remaining $72,000,000 dollars for self-serving purposes such as financing his own business investments, and the purchasing of real estate holdings and trusts. Kozlowski and Swartz were also guilty of deceitful acts by deliberately failing to disclose in their annual Director Officer Questionnaire (â€Å"DO Questionnaire†), which are given to Tyco’s senior executives, the information of these loans much less the manner of which how these KELP loans were used. Tyco’s shareholders were deceived by Kozlowski and Swartz’s failure to reveal these important facts on the company’s Form 10-K and proxy statements. The company also has a relocation loan program since 1995, to give assistance to its employees who were affected when it moved its offices to New York City from New Hampshire and later to Florida. Kozlowski and Swartz also enriched themselves by availing of relocation loans and spending it for purposes not covered by the program. Of the $46,000,000 dollars which Kozlowski amassed from the relocation loan, $18,000,000 was spent to buy a waterfront compound in Boca Raton and an estimated $7,000,000 Park Avenue apartment for his previous wife. Swartz spent $6,500,000 to purchase an apartment on New York City’s Upper East Side; $17 M for a waterfront compound also in Boca Raton; and the rest of the funds were used in purposes not authorized by the program. They were also accountable for repeatedly classifying and reclassifying their debts to the company, and even moving on to authorizing transactions by which their millions of dollars of KELP and relocation loans were forgiven and written off the company’s books. They also instructed others to falsify the company’s books and records in order to conceal these violations. Swartz also enriched himself by selling his New Hampshire real estate to a Tyco subsidiary for $305,000, but in which the Tyco subsidiary sold it at a far lower price about two years later from its purchase. Swartz purposely did not disclose this transaction from Tyco’s investors. Both Kozlowski and Swartz abused company perquisites from Tyco such as causing the company to purchase luxurious apartments and stay in it rent-free and made use of Tyco corporate aircraft in purposes unrelated to the company’s business. The former CEO also misused Tyco’s funds by releasing large amounts of charitable donations in his own name, and all the while failed to disclose and report these facts to investors, as mandated by the federal securities laws. While possessing material information, Swartz engaged in fraudulent sales of Tyco stocks through family business partnerships. Both men lied to Tyco’s auditors by signing management representation letters which avowed the absence of fraudulent acts from significant employees involved in Tyco’s internal control. Belnick, Tyco’s former chief legal officer, amassed millions of dollars from Tyco through similar violations committed by Kozlowski and Swartz (T Newkirk, J Coffman, R Kaplan, D Frohlich, and J Weiner. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). Explanation of the Outcome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The two former top Tyco executives received 8 1/3 to 25 years of prison-sentence after being tried before a New York state court, after it’s first resulted in a mistrial. They were found guilty of siphoning and misappropriating company funds during their stint as Tyco’s top executives. This was considered as one of the biggest ethical violations in a series of white-collar crimes that has tainted and eroded public confidence in the US corporate landscape. As a result, Kozlowski and Swartz served their terms in New York state prison, a case which differs greatly from other convicted corporate executives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other convicted corporate executives such as Adelphia’s John Rigas, or Martha Stewart served their prison sentences in a federal prison. Often dubbed as â€Å"Club Feds† or â€Å"Camp Cupcake†, federal prison conditions could appear like a ‘boarding school’ - there are no bars and some are even offering facilities like tennis courts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In stark contrast, state prison do not offer such ‘luxuries’ and the gravest issue could boil down even to the inmate’s safety. It usually houses criminals convicted of rape, murder and other violent offenses - one reason which explains its unsafe condition and which makes tight security a necessity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While others may see this conviction too harsh for a white-collar crime, Kozlowski and Swartz cannot escape their fate since their case began as a state investigation for trying to evade about $1,000,000 dollars worth of tax payment for acquiring expensive artworks by Renoir, Monet and other celebrated painters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, this has come upon the government’s stand of placing stricter measures on its effort of cracking down corruption in the corporate scene (K. Crawford. â€Å"For Kozlowski, An Especially Grim Future†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to a former SEC prosecutor, the sentences for white-collar criminals are getting tougher and judges’ former tendency to give them milder treatment is fast disappearing. While Kozlowski is credited for building up Tyco’s multi-billion dollar industrial empire, which used to give an impressive and illustrious career rising from being an ordinary employee to become Tyco’s chief executive officer, his crime is also credited as the grandest (so far) in scale and amount of thievery in corporate history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While some would protest about the usefulness of long prison sentences given to white-collar criminals, especially when they are towards the age of retirement. However, there is an inescapable trend among state and federal courts to give longer years of prison-conviction. Whereas in the early 1990s, when such crimes were new and few, a certain convicted salesman received eight years reduction in his 10-year term, an equivalent of 22 months in jail (L. Lazaroff. â€Å"Ex-Tyco Executives Get Up To 25 Years: Kozlowski, Swartz also to pay millions in restitution, fines†). Kozlowski is serving his prison sentence at Midstate Correctional Facility in Marcy, N.Y., located outside of Syracuse of N.Y.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clearly, there has been a great shift of change. Opinion of the Outcome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the aftermath of the Enron, Adelphia, Tyco and other high profile business scandals which prove that ethical violations can pose a serious and costly risk for a business entity’s ability to grow or thrive. As demonstrated by Kozlowski, Swartz and Belnick - the collapse of integrity could cost hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars for its company to cover extra expenses such as litigation, fines, damage of company reputation, subsequent loss of client’s trust, decline in sales, and the process for damage-control.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While this indictment against Kozlowski and his accomplices seem severe when it received as much punishment as those who commit violent crimes, but given the substantial amount stolen, the consequent loss of wealth due to erosion of public trust, and costly lawsuits the benefits of giving such harsh convictions would serve as a deterrent for future losses. It is also the government’s responsibility to restore confidence among investors towards corporate entities in order for these institutions to survive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kozlowski’s shot for â€Å"dizzying success† (even using fraudulent and criminal means) was fed in part by Wall Street’s hero worship of ‘rock star’ CEOs. However, in light of a string of corporate scandals, leaders must be emulated for their ability to ‘shepherd’ their company and provide examples of living up to ethical standards themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This outcome also brings the much needed transformation on government (such as the Sarbeans-Oxley Act) and company policies pertaining to how business is conducted by those who serve them. While most of the focus is on the violators, the rippling effects of such crimes could threaten the financial security of millions of the company’s employees and their families.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Companies, in lieu of the scandal, have now placed greater importance of training its employees to make ethical decisions which would cultivate a corporate culture founded on trust and integrity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This case also helped to strengthen greater consciousness for the need to fight corruption in a global scale. The United Nations signed a new treaty in its bid to fight corruption worldwide. This covers not only government officials but is applied to the private sector as well (â€Å"United Nations Convention Against Corruption†). The Organization Today   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rebounding from the moral crises that swept its top executives, along with other companies, there has been greater commitment for transparency among the new management performers in Tyco and other companies. These are corporate leaders who have built a track record of excellent performance and who have been practicing high ethical standards. All efforts are geared toward rebuilding the company’s reputation, public and investor’s trust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Edward D. Breen became Tyco’s new CEO in July 2002, he took a bold step in his sweeping reform to re-establish credibility and faith to the company, which included firing the Board of Directors that hired him.   Of the 500 employees in Tyco’s Princeton, N.J. headquarters, as much as 480 are newly hired since Breen breezed in to Tyco’s management scene.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although at first, Breen found the company in confusion, low morale among its employees, and about to face a cash shortage because of an $11 billion debt due a year after, Tyco has a good foundation due to Tyco’s acquisition of a number of stable businesses (S. Lohr. â€Å"New Strategies Changing Face of Corporate Scandal†). This separates Tyco from much of the companies who suffered the same fate from dishonest dealings by its top executives most of which filed for bankruptcy. Tyco was able to recover from the crisis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to a public announcement made last January 13, 2006, Tyco International is divided into three business segments: Tyco Healthcare, Tyco Electronics, and Tyco Fire Security, and Tyco Engineered Products Services (TFS/TEPS). Each has operations separate from each other and possesses their own set of board of directors, executives, and financial structure. By February 6, 2007, Tyco has revenue of $41 billion and currently employing about 250,000 people in different countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite being in the process of splitting into three major companies, Tyco International Ltd. still saw an increase of net earnings of up to 43 % or a profit rise of about $793 million due to great demand especially for its electronics and security devices. Company profit taken from continuing operations is up on 37 cents per share – a performance which proved better than Wall’s Street’s forecasts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Among Tyco’s four divisions, three reported an increase in sales and better operating profits for the first quarter of this year; with its heal-care the only segment which handed in a lower yield in profit due to the company’s restructuring measures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyco is preparing to push on its health-care and electronics divisions by the second quarter. It is gearing up for more aggressive measures as it sees a favorable global economic environment for this year, being optimistic to avail a rise of 6 to 7 percent in sales.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyco’s shares have even achieved more than 30% over the previous year, twice than the rise of Standard Poor’s 500 index. Another measure of its success- Tyco’s stock price rose to $33.21 on the New York Stock Exchange from its $8 value just right after the scandal (â€Å"Tyco’s Net Earnings Jump 43%†). References:    â€Å"Tyco: Our Business†. http://www.tyco.com/ â€Å"Company Research: Tyco International Ltd.†. The New York Times. February 16, 2007. http://custom.marketwatch.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp?MW=http://marketwatch.nytimes.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.aspsymb=TYCsid=42806#compinfo â€Å"Three Tyco Execs Indicted for Fraud†. CNN.com/BUSINESS. http://edition.cnn.com/2002/BUSINESS/asia/09/12/us.tyco/ Newkirk T, Coffman J, Kaplan R, Frohlich D, Weiner J. S. Securities and Exchange Commission. http://www.sec.gov/litigation/complaint/complr 17722.htm Crawford, K. â€Å"For Kozlowski, An Especially Grim Future†. CNNMoney.com   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://money.cnn.com/2005/06/21/news/newsmakers/prisons_state/ Lazaroff, Leon. â€Å"Ex-Tyco Executives Get Up To 25 Years: Kozlowski, Swartz also to pay millions in restitution, fines. Chicago Tribune. September 20, 2005. â€Å"United Nations Convention Against Corruption†.   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://untreaty.un.org/English/notpubl/Corruption_E.pdf Lohr, S. â€Å"New Strategies Changing Face of Corporate Scandal†. New York Times News Service. June 4, 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050604/news_1b4scandals.html â€Å"Tyco’s Net Earnings Jump 43%†. February 6, 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://money.cnn.com/2007/02/06/news/companies/bc.tyco.results.reut/index.htm

Reflection coaching

Reflection coaching Reflection is defined by Stenhouse 1975 p144 as ‘a capacity for autonomous professional self-development through systematic self-study. Discuss how a coach utilises reflective practise to enhance their coaching performance Reflection is used to improve coaching performance through a variety of ways. Kidman (2001: 50) describes reflection as â€Å"a particularly significant part of empowerment whereby coaches themselves take ownership of their learning and decision making†. The coach is therefore very active in gaining information which could be beneficial to them. Dewey (1919: 3) describes reflection as â€Å"turning a subject over in the mind and giving it a serious and consecutive consideration†. By analysing information repeatedly and seriously, in depth knowledge is gained from it. *(DANS)*Pollard (2002) believes that â€Å"‘Reflective teaching is applied in cyclical or spiralling process, in which teachers monitor, evaluate and revise their own practice continually.† By being dedicated in analysing oneself, analysing others is possible. A slightly different concept of reflection is introduced by Schon. The notion of, ‘reflection in action. Schon (1983; 50) â€Å"Athletes think about what they are doing, sometimes even while doing it†. Expanding on this Schon highlights phrases like, ‘Keep your wits about you and ‘thinking on your feet. Schons belief here is in game reflection is natural and beneficial. Gilbert and Trudel (2001) believe Schons idea as a â€Å"separate type of reflection†. They also offer a different type of reflection which they call â€Å"retrospective reflection-on-action† which is further described as â€Å"that which occurs outside the action-present†. Their belief is that coaches reflect on concerns in between practise sessions and that reflection â€Å"still occurs within the action-present, but not in the midst of activity†. So they firmly believe that reflection-on-action is totally different to reflection-in-action. Gilbert and Trudel (2001) consider reflection to utilise â€Å"a conceptual framework to understand how coaches draw on experience when learning to coach† Ghaye and Lillyman (2000) bring forward the idea that the core of reflection is carried out in a series of ‘frames. Role framing was the coaches role executed correct? Value framing examining if there was value-positions present? Temporal framing was the order of actions correct? Parallel process framing could the end result varied? Problem framing were problems noticed effectively? These frames provide a practical way of analysing sport practises. Reflective practise can provide an efficient apparatus for monitoring and assessment of athletes. Dewey (1916) who is considered heavily to be the ‘founder of reflection, gives three attributes which are needed in order to participate in reflective practise. Open-mindedness, described as â€Å"an active desire to listen to more sides than one, to give heed to facts from whatever source they come and to give full attention to alternative possibilities†. Whole-heartedness, which is being â€Å"absorbed in an interest†. Responsibility is also needed as consequences are accepted therefore â€Å"securing integrity in ones beliefs†. Deweys beliefs have stood strong for eighty years and still provide modern coaches with a basic outlook on what is needed to be an effective reflective coach. Methods of using reflective practise There are a few ways in which reflective practise is put into action. By using a variety of methods coaches can expand from the basics and look more in detail depending on the type of information that is required. Video analysis is one method used in order to aid reflective practise. A coach can record a session and therefore have exact details of what actions are taken. This allows for precise analysis in which athletes can also see themselves and what they could improve on. McKernan was a firm believer in video recording to aid coaching: ‘†¦might use a video recorder to trap teaching performance as evidence or ‘data to be analysed. More importantly, such a film becomes a critical documentary for reflecting on practice†¦research can be undertaken by reactive methods such as observers, questionnaires, interviews, dialogue journals or through such non-reactive techniques as case studies, field notes, logs, diaries anecdotal records, document analysis, shadow studies. McKernan (1996)(DANS) Using other coaches is one way reflective practise can be more reliable and efficient. Analysis speed is increased as more coaches can observe and acknowledge similar issues that arise and whilst opinions may be divided, an overview of general problems can be addressed more easily. This view is backed up by Gould, Giannani, Krane, Hodge (1990) â€Å"development of craft knowledge which can be fostered through the realms of practical experience and interaction with other coaches.† Using a cognitive based style, reflection can take place through demonstration. Coaches need to reflect on how demonstrations of skills are executed and the coach must ensure that when a learner is receiving a demonstration that it is of adequate quality for the athlete to learn and progress using reflection. Demonstrations Coaching points and ‘logs are a very basic and fundamental way of reflecting on a performer. By making key observations during a practise and after, a coach can identify the problem areas. The more experienced the coach the more this basic method is effective and less need for the more advanced methods. This kind of feedback is usually Benefits to using reflective practise â€Å"by reflecting on practise a coach may expose his or her perceptions and beliefs to evaluation, creating a heightened sense of self awareness, which in turn my lead to a certain openness to new ideas† (Hellison and Templin 1991: 9) Reflective practise can increase ability in perception and creativity. This is due to the self improvement the coach must make themselves but are rewarded through these attributes. These attributes could then be passed onto the learner and thus bridging a gap between coach and learner.(BOOK) (PDF)Anderson, Knowles and Gilbourne (2004) state that â€Å"reflective practice is the latest topical strategic method that could help sports coaches explore their decisions and experiences, aiding them to make sense of the situation and directly influence the learning process.† This is clear that reflective practise can be used in order to help sports coaches. It is also considered one of the more modern uses of coaching in order to achieve higher ability in a more demanding results driven environment. â€Å"Indeed, to maximise learning, critical reflection is the core difference between whether an individual repeats the same experience time and time again or learns from the experience in such a way that the individual is cognitively or affectively changed† (Boyde and Fales, 1983).(PDF) By using reflective practise Boyde and Fales suggest that there is a high chance of learning and developing skills rather than just repeating an experience with no eventual gain. They believe reflection is essential to this as without it there would be no way an individual would know if improvement took place or not. â€Å"if a coach takes the opportunity to understand the consequences, both positive and negative, of the decisions made during a training session, they are better able to rationalise their decisions when under pressure† (Kidman, 2001).(PDF) Kidman here links this in with Schons ‘refelction in action. This is necessary in high tempo environments and is vital in gaining a better decision making process. Whilst reflection is important before and during training or match environments, only ‘reflection in action can gain quick and often needed information to make decisions. â€Å"reflection is thought to have a potent role in helping to bridge the gap between education and knowledge that is generated through practice† (Ghaye Ghaye, 1998).(PDF) Making coaches acknowledge their achievements is possible via reflection as it is a conscious and active way of fortifying the positives and negatives of individual and group practise. Difficulties in using reflective practise Whilst there is lots of evidence to strengthen the idea that reflective coaching is a useful practise, there are certainly problems that need addressing and limitations which clearly show it is not a full proof method even when applied properly. Crum (1995) â€Å"If a practitioner holds a ‘training-of-the-physical view of coaching and believes his or her role is only to improve fitness and adopt a technical/utilitarian approach, then becoming a coach who reflects in depth is not going to be paramount†. Whilst reflective practise does have its place, it would seem that it is limited. Some areas such as social negotiation and mentality may be difficult to improve through reflection practise but in many environments that reflective practise is used these are vital skills. Playing in high tempo and contact sports require both of these skills in abundance and gaining it through the individual is the most logical approach but if reflective practise is used then the coach is providing the information and techniques which arent transferable to individuals in these areas. â€Å"As many coaches will testify, written reflection, usually in the form of ‘logs, are frequently sanitised to deliver what is deemed as being necessary knowledge, thus being corralled into conformity (Chesterfield, Jones, Mitchell, 2007), possibly stifling coach creativity.†(PDF) Whilst Hellison and Templin believe in reflection in opening creativity, the basic form of a ‘log could be evidence that reflection does hinder creativity. Conformity is compliance with what already exists, if coaches comply to current practises such as ‘logs then there is no space for new practises to be introduced and composed. (PDF)Johns (1995) argued that â€Å"reflective practice is profoundly difficult, and it is therefore necessary to have a detailed model that guides and supports coaches.† Reflection does require many skills and outside opinions to be useful. There is a certain amount of complexity that comes with reflecting before, during and after sessions. Gibbs six-staged cyclical model for example is a complex calculated formula designed to give detailed analysis and evaluation. Whilst this could be beneficial it is only useful to coaches with prior experience or high ability levels. So as a general overall practise reflection can be difficult. â€Å"Trust is a vital part of a reflective conversation and, according to Maister, Green, Galford (2002), trust is a two-way relationship where people can be honest and respect each others openness. Without a real trusting relationship with significant others (e.g. a tutor, mentor, supervisor, coach) personal reflections may stay ‘safe and predictable and the real issues may go unresolved.†(PDF) Social dynamic in any relationship is extremely important. The relationship between coach and athlete is as open to flux as every other relationship. Trust is vitally important and is open to change to high and low levels. If trust is broken then coach performance or athlete obedience could drop. Reflection here is then a problem if not enough trust is spread and responsibility fall onto other people to provide strength in connecting and creativity in avoiding playing the ‘safe option which could potentially break trust. Conclusion To conclude, I believe that reflection is a very useful practise for coaches to undertake in developing athletes. Reflection can take place before, during and after which makes it very flexible and adaptable to a variety of environments. The coach does however need a certain level of ability in order to reflect appropriately and constructively. Detail is paramount and a coach analysing a level too high above them will struggle using reflection. I personally believe that the best method of reflection is video analysis. I think this because it gives an exact recollection of technical display and thanks to modern technology is available at a wide range of levels. It is, however, important that a coach doesnt rely on one method such as video analysis. During a competition or quick based environment it may not be possible to use this method and therefore a variety of reflective methods should be learnt and applied by coaches. This will make them more rounded and adaptable to their environment. One thing that I found intriguing was the amount of reflection that the coach must put on themselves. This ‘self reflection is vital as if this isnt carried out coaches methods may stagnate or accurate analysis and therefore feedback for the athlete cannot be attained thus making the practise useless. coach needs adaptable refelective ability, depending on the athletes, age, gender, ability etc†¦.. To sum up †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.states and defines refelction very clearly â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†

The Uses of Psychology to People at Work Essay -- Papers Workplace Cow

The Uses of Psychology to People at Work Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes (Hilgard, 1996). An understanding of this can be a useful tool for many different groups of people in the work environment, who all have their own interests in what psychology has to offer. Such groups to benefit include managers, employees, Human Resources specialists and Trade Unions. An in depth understanding of human behavioral patterns can be applied positively in order to get the most out of people and increase productivity at work. This is achieved by reducing factors that interfere with the efficiency of peoples' work. This assignment will aim to focus on factors that are ongoing and socially aroused by the interaction between people and their environment, namely: dealing and coping with work stress; lowering the rate of bullying and harassment in the workplace; and maintaining a high level of motivation and effort both in demanding and tedious tasks. Every type of person in an organization is susceptible to suffering from worry and stress. Stress is a challenge to a person's capacity to adapt to inner and outer demands, which may be physiologically arousing and emotionally taxing and call for cognitive and behavioral responses (Westen, 1999). Stress provokes physical and emotional disturbances, which have the ability to affect both one's health and performance. It can lead to tension in the workplace and frequent absenteeism due to illegitimate claims of sickness, thus its prevention is beneficial to both employee and organization. Managing stress can be achieved by the direct approaches of behavioral tec... ...vol 28, no 3, p 311-30. Â · Niedl, 1996, Mobbing and Well-being: Economic and Personnel development implications, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, vol 5, no 2, p 251-271. Â · Otway, HJ & Misenta, R (1980), "The determinants of operator preparedness for emergency situations in nuclear power plants", Paper presented at Workshop on Procedural and Organisational Measures for Accident Management: Laxenburg, Austria, 28-31 Jan. Â · Westen, D (1999), Psychology: Mind, Brain & Culture, Second Edition, Wiley. Â · Wilke, Rutte, van Knippenberg & Ad, 2000, The Resentful sucker: Do rewards ease the pain?, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, vol 9, no 3, Sept 2000, p 307-320. Â · Yukl & Wexley (1971), Readingsin Organizational and Industrial Psychology, Oxford University Press.

Deception Point Page 109

A few of the reporters laughed. With his daughter bearing down fast from his right, Sexton had no doubt this father-daughter reunion would best be held in private. Unfortunately, privacy was scarce at the moment. Sexton's eyes darted to the large partition on his right. Still smiling calmly, Sexton waved to his daughter and stepped away from the microphone. Moving toward her at an angle, he maneuvered such that Rachel had to pass behind the partition to get to him. Sexton met her halfway, hidden from the eyes and ears of the press. â€Å"Honey?† he said, smiling and opening his arms as Rachel came toward him. â€Å"What a surprise!† Rachel walked up and slapped his face. Alone with her father now, ensconced behind the partition, Rachel glared with loathing. She had slapped him hard, but he barely flinched. With chilling control, his phony smile melted away, mutating into an admonishing glower. His voice turned to a demonic whisper. â€Å"You should not be here.† Rachel saw wrath in his eyes and for the first time in her life felt unafraid. â€Å"I turned to you for help, and you sold me out! I was almost killed!† â€Å"You're obviously fine.† His tone was almost disappointed. â€Å"NASA is innocent!† she said. â€Å"The President told you that! What are you doing here?† Rachel's short flight to Washington aboard the Coast Guard Osprey had been punctuated by a flurry of phone calls between herself, the White House, her father, and even a distraught Gabrielle Ashe. â€Å"You promised Zach Herney you were going to the White House!† â€Å"I am.† He smirked. â€Å"On election day.† Rachel felt sickened to think this man was her father. â€Å"What you're about to do is madness.† â€Å"Oh?† Sexton chuckled. He turned and motioned behind him to the podium, which was visible at the end of the partition. On the podium, a stack of white envelopes sat waiting. â€Å"Those envelopes contain information you sent me, Rachel. You. The President's blood is on your hands.† â€Å"I faxed you that information when I needed your help! When I thought the President and NASA were guilty!† â€Å"Considering the evidence, NASA certainly appears guilty.† â€Å"But they are not! They deserve a chance to admit their own mistakes. You've already won this election. Zach Herney is finished! You know that. Let the man retain some dignity.† Sexton groaned. â€Å"So naive. It's not about winning the election, Rachel, it's about power. It's about decisive victory, acts of greatness, crushing opposition, and controlling the forces in Washington so you can get something done.† â€Å"At what cost?† â€Å"Don't be so self-righteous. I'm simply presenting the evidence. The people can draw their own conclusions as to who is guilty.† â€Å"You know how this will look.† He shrugged. â€Å"Maybe NASA's time has come.† Senator Sexton sensed the press was getting restless beyond the partition, and he had no intention of standing here all morning and being lectured by his daughter. His moment of glory was waiting. â€Å"We're through here,† he said. â€Å"I have a press conference to give.† â€Å"I'm asking you as your daughter,† Rachel pleaded. â€Å"Don't do this. Think about what you're about to do. There's a better way.† â€Å"Not for me.† A howl of feedback echoed out of the PA system behind him, and Sexton wheeled to see a late-arriving female reporter, huddled over his podium, attempting to attach a network microphone to one of the goose-neck clips. Why can't these idiots arrive on time? Sexton fumed. In her haste, the reporter knocked Sexton's stack of envelopes to the ground. Goddamn it! Sexton marched over, cursing his daughter for distracting him. When he arrived, the woman was on her hands and knees, collecting the envelopes off the ground. Sexton couldn't see her face, but she was obviously â€Å"network†-wearing a full-length cashmere coat, matching scarf, and low-slung mohair beret with an ABC press pass clipped to it. Stupid bitch, Sexton thought. â€Å"I'll take those,† he snapped, holding out his hand for the envelopes. The woman scraped up the last of the envelopes and handed them up to Sexton without looking up. â€Å"Sorry†¦,† she muttered, obviously embarrassed. Hunkering low in shame, she scurried off into the crowd. Sexton quickly counted the envelopes. Ten. Good. Nobody was going to steal his thunder today. Regrouping, he adjusted the microphones and gave a joking smile to the crowd. â€Å"I guess I'd better hand these out before someone gets hurt!† The crowd laughed, looking eager. Sexton sensed his daughter nearby, standing just off-stage behind the partition. â€Å"Don't do this,† Rachel said to him. â€Å"You'll regret it.† Sexton ignored her. â€Å"I'm asking you to trust me,† Rachel said, her voice growing louder. â€Å"It's a mistake.† Sexton picked up his envelopes, straightening the edges. â€Å"Dad,† Rachel said, intense and pleading now. â€Å"This is your last chance to do what's right.† Do what's right? Sexton covered the microphone and turned as if clearing his throat. He glanced discreetly over at his daughter. â€Å"You're just like your mother-idealistic and small. Women simply do not understand the true nature of power.† Sedgewick Sexton had already forgotten his daughter by the time he turned back toward the jostling media. Head held high, he walked around the podium and handed the stack of envelopes into the hands of the waiting press. He watched the envelopes disseminate rapidly through the crowd. He could hear the seals being broken, the envelopes being torn apart like Christmas presents. A sudden hush came over the crowd. In the silence, Sexton could hear the defining moment of his career. The meteorite is a fraud. And I am the man who revealed it. Sexton knew it would take the press a moment to understand the true implications of what they were looking at: GPR images of an insertion shaft in the ice; a living ocean species almost identical to the NASA fossils; evidence of chondrules that formed on earth. It all led to one shocking conclusion. â€Å"Sir?† one reporter stammered, sounding stunned as he looked in his envelope. â€Å"Is this for real?† Sexton gave a somber sigh. â€Å"Yes, I'm afraid it's very real indeed.† Murmurs of confusion now spread through the crowd. â€Å"I'll give everyone a moment to look through these pages,† Sexton said, â€Å"and then I'll take questions and attempt to shed some light on what you're looking at.† â€Å"Senator?† another reporter asked, sounding utterly bewildered. â€Å"Are these images authentic?†¦ Unretouched?† â€Å"One hundred percent,† Sexton said, speaking more firmly now. â€Å"I would not present the evidence to you otherwise.† The confusion in the crowd seemed to deepen, and Sexton thought he even heard some laughter-not at all the reaction he had expected. He was starting to fear he had overestimated the media's ability to connect the obvious dots. â€Å"Um, senator?† someone said, sounding oddly amused. â€Å"For the record, you stand behind the authenticity of these images?† Sexton was getting frustrated. â€Å"My friends, I will say this one last time, the evidence in your hands is one-hundred-percent accurate. And if anyone can prove otherwise, I'll eat my hat!† Sexton waited for the laugh, but it never came. Dead silence. Blank stares. The reporter who had just spoken walked toward Sexton, shuffling through his photocopies as he came forward. â€Å"You're right, senator. This is scandalous data.† The reporter paused, scratching his head. â€Å"So I guess we're puzzled as to why you've decided to share it with us like this, especially after denying it so vehemently earlier.†