American Big Business - A Case Study :: essays research papers

Singer Corporation, now known as Bicoastal Corporation, is the company that brought the world the sewing machine. There are Singer Sewing machines in almost every country in the world and Singer instructions in more than 50 languages. Mahatma Gandhi learned to sew on a Singer and called it â€Å"one of the few useful things ever invented.† I will attempt to explain how Singer came to be one of America’s big businesses. Isaac Merritt Singer was born in Pittstown, New York in 1811, and ran away from his immigrant parents at the age of 12 to join a troupe of traveling actors. He remained an actor until 1835, inventing things on the side. The first patent for a sewing machine was granted in 1790 in England but no one had been able to come up with a reliable design that did not need frequent repairs. Because of this sewing machines had never become commercially successful. In 1850 Singer came up with a design and patented it. In 1851 Singer and Company was born and the Singer sewing machine was an immediate success. The machine was, however very close in design to that of Elias Howe who had been on the verge of solving the problem of the unreliable sewing machine. He sued for patent infringement. Singer hired a young lawyer to defend him. In exchange for his services Clark became an equal partner in the company. Singer ran the manufacturing side and Clark the Financial side. Clark ended the lawsuit and pooled the two patents together creating the Singer Machine Combination. This was the first patent pool in America. Until the late 1850s, because of the price of the sewing machines, the company concentrated on the commercial market e.g. professional tailors and clothing manufactures. But around this time Clark introduced the first customer installment payment plan. Combined with an intensive marketing campaign, this meant that the product could reach a wider market than ever before and even those with relatively low incomes could afford the sewing machines. By 1855 Singer was the world’s biggest sewing company. It begans its overseas expansion starting in Paris, making Singer the world’s first international company. The first factory outside the United States was opened in Glasgow, Scotland in 1961, followed by distribution centers in London, England, and a factory in Brighton, England that was the biggest in the U.K. at the time. By 1867 international sales exceeded at home sales for the first time.

Beauty Within The Cultures by Phillip Namara Essay

How do you define beauty? Is it a small waist and large breasts? A perfect smile and straight hair? If you flip through the pages of an American fashion magazine, you may think beauty is narrowly defined†¦but that’s not the case. From thick ankles to small noses, women from five continents are revealing what’s considered beautiful in their countries. â€Å"It’s a way of connecting yourselves from your kitchen, your living room, your bedroom †¦ to the rest of the world.† The first culture I will speak about are the Koreans. In any subway car you will see young Korean women checking their hair and makeup in mirrors that come attached to their cell phones. For those with less image-savvy devices, the windows provide ample reflection for women to fretfully fix stray stands of hair or rouge streaks of foundation. This preoccupation with beauty is no less reflected in how many Korean women dress. High heels, mini-skirts and frilled blouses are not reserved for nights out on the town – they are the norm for many women going about their daily business. While looking good is a matter of boosting self-esteem for many women, there are often more practical reasons for going under the knife. A lot of women believe that their chances of employment are largely dependent on their looks and will improve significantly after a cosmetic touch-up. In this highly competitive society, where it is routine to send your photo attached to your resume, a pretty face can give you the edge in a job or college interview. The next country/culture we will look at is Africa. There are some countries in Africa who have recently adopted a new definition of beauty accepting the same beliefs as Western culture. However, many countries maintain a quite different perspective of what beauty means within Africa. This different perspective defines beauty as: * Large Breasts: In some countries, women with large chests are much more desirable and considered much more beautiful than women with small chests. * Ample Backside: In some countries, generally the same ones that consider big breasts to be beautiful, a large backside is desirable and considered beautiful. * Fat vs. Skinny: Although it has become a newly accepted form of beauty, being skinny is not desirable in every country in Africa. There are countries where brides are force fed in order to make them fat or to make them more desirable to their male counterparts. Although this may not be considered healthy, it is what many in the culture of these countries consider beautiful. * Skin Color: Another aspect of beauty in Africa relates to skin color. Many countries believe that a lighter skinned African woman is more desirable than those who have darker skin. Therefore, a market has grown for skin creams that will lighten the complexion of African women in order to make them more attr active to the opposite sex. Importance of Curves in African Beauty Looking at this list of what beauty means in certain parts of Africa, we can deduce that the more curves a woman has in some countries across the African continent, the more desirable she is to the opposite sex. The idea of this form of accepted beauty has caused many clothing designers in Africa to increase their sizes available in their clothing lines in order to show their acceptance that even a bigger woman can be beautiful. In Southwestern Asia, the area often known as the Middle East, the rejection of Western culture and beauty standards, along with the insurgence of Islamic traditions, has seen the rise in more traditional, Arabic clothing. This clothing tends to cover more of the body and gives only an alluring glimpse at the feminine figure within as a clear denunciation of the revealing outfits worn by many in the Western world. These outfits display the humble, demure and secret beauty of the wearer, whose husband is the only one with access to the body hidden within the folds of fabric. Still, with increasing globalization, many Western beauty ideals have spread throughout the world, while cultures with little contact outside their indigenous communities continue to observe their own beauty practices. Either way, ideals of beauty are ever-present throughout the diverse communities of world. Beauty Throughout The Ages It’s hard to believe that once upon a time, women were celebrated for their natural god-given bodies. In fact, the female standard of beauty has gone through many drastic changes over the last several hundred years. I’ve compiled a timeline of all the major trends over the past 600 years, starting with the Renaissance up until the last decade. Renaissance Body Type: The ideal Renaissance woman was more voluptuous than any other time in history. Paintings from this era depict women who would be considered beyond curvy by today’s standards – but at that time, these full-figured ladies were the epitome of sexiness. For the first time in recorded history, women were prized for their natural bodies. Beauty: The term â€Å"blondes have more fun† may have stemmed from the Renaissance, because they believed that the lighter the hair color, the better. As for make-up, pale ivory skin was considered sexy, and vermillion was used to tint the lips to a deep red color. Pale complexion and blood red lips – it seems like the Renaissance era may have originated the popular vampire-chic look. Victorian Body Type: Unlike Renaissance women, Victorian women were very body conscious. Sexy meant having the smallest waistline humanly possible, and in order to achieve this look, women wore corsets. Some corsets were wound so tight that women could hardly breathe, to the point where sitting down was completely out of the question. Many women would even break ribs trying to get their waistlines down to an inconceivable 12 inches. Beauty: Modesty was the operative word when it came to Victorian makeup. High-class women were expected to use makeup sparingly. Bold colors were considered trashy, and reserved for prostitutes. Some religions at the time even proclaimed beauty products to be â€Å"the look of the devil.† 1920’s Era Body Type: The 1920’s was a time when women didn’t want to look like women at all. We can’t imagine that men today would find this sexy, but some women from the 20’s era would even bind their chests with strips of cloth to achieve a â€Å"little boy† look – quite contradictory to some of the measures that today’s women take in order to amplify their chests. The loose silhouette of the flapper dress was in stark contrast to the corseted waist of the Victorian era. Elastic webbed girdles replaced corsets and gave off the look of a flat boyish abdomen. Beauty: Going right along with the boyish look, the hair bob or finger wave was a big trend. Bold make-up, which had once been considered â€Å"trashy,† was now considered sexy. Powder was applied to make the skin look as pale as possible, and eyebrows were lifted and penciled in to appear thin and bold. Kohl was used to line the eye and achieve an overall dramatic look. 1930-1970s Era Body Type: As they became more body conscious, women started to pay attention to what they ate. Fashions accented the arms and legs, so women lifted light weights to build muscle tone. The new padded stretch cotton bra was introduced – something we’re sure all men and women are very thankful for. Designers like Chanel (credited as the originator of the â€Å"little black dress†), Dior, and Elsa Schiaparelli started designing glamorous attire that allowed women to show off their feminine curves. Beauty: Hairstyles became more feminine than they had been in the 1920’s. Hair color varied, depending on which movie star one was trying to emulate. Jean Harlow made platinum blonde a trend, and meanwhile, Rita Hayworth made being a redhead popular. Last, but not least, Marlene Dietrich was a symbol for all the brunettes out there. Make-up became a little less drag, and more girl-next-door than in the 20’s. The pasty white skin trend was final ly passà ©, and women started opting for foundations closer to their natural complexions.

Effective Leadership Of Public Health - 1967 Words

Introduction Effective Leadership in Public health Leadership in health is all about the competency of the leader that involves cultivating an environment in which all the providers and consumers can contribute to their full potential for any health activity in such that the consumers know what is available and what best possible they can achieve and the providers to support the consumers in the best way possible to get the necessary information and cure if required in regards to public health sector (Andrew Garmen, 2006). For this requires effective public health leader who is there within the community to make them realise what is available and what is required so as to be able to advocate for services that are unavailable but required (Koh, 2009). The 21st century with various emerging health related problems there is widespread recognition that the challenges posed by obesity, alcohol, smoking, climate change issues etc requires solution from public health approaches where the role of leadership remains intact in tackling the pu blic health challenges of the 21st century (Pittman, 2013). This would need a leader as such who is a combination of administrative excellence with strong sense of professional welfare and builds enduring greatness through a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will for awareness rising to encourage and to initiate public health activities (Day et al., 2012). Leaders of public health can directly or indirectly impact theShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Authority ( Hca )1233 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy focuses on the similar issue that the Basic Health (BH) had to face in order to continue its program in providing health coverage to low-income families. BH is overseen by Health Care Authority (HCA), which is a Washington state agency that oversees seven health care programs. The main source of funding for BH consists of administrative budget, state appropriation for subsidies, and members’ share of premiums. HCA had contracts with five health plans that were available to the people of the communityRead MoreHistory Of New Zealand Public Health Sector Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesSince 1983 the New Zealand public health sector has undergone four structural transformations. With each change there was a new set of organisations to fund and deliver health services: 1983-1993 Area Health Boards (AHBs); 1993-1997 Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) and Crown Health Enterprises (CHEs); 1998-2001 Health Funding Authority (HFA) and Hospital and Health Services (HHSs); and 2001 District Health Boards (DHBs). 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The history shows that there were huge health differences between the Maoris and non-Maoris, which were due to socioeconomic and lifestyleRead MoreMy Experience At The Public Health Leadership984 Words   |  4 PagesReflection This paper discusses my experiences after attending the Public Health Leadership subject in 2015, reflecting on important lessons learnt, the relevance to my work and the support required for my improvement. When I enrolled in this subject, I was not sure that I will get the best out of the subject considering my experiences with many leadership courses where the presenters have focused on theories of leadership skills without giving practical insights. However, at the end of this subjectRead MoreThe Role Of Effective Leadership And Effective Communication1192 Words   |  5 PagesImproving health care organization means changing ineffective management into effective systems that are patient-centered, cost-effective, and so forth. This requires culture change, and the first change will be with leaders throughout the organization. Effective leadership is essential to the success of every organization. An effective leader clarifies: (a) the organization’s goals to his/her employees, (b) the practical values that are important for achieving those goals, (c) the basis for ethicalRead MoreEssay on The Objectives and Roles of the World Health Organization1596 Words   |  7 Pages Based on WHO:s health agenda, the main targets are developing promoting, health security, strengthening health systems, generating research, information and evidence, enhancing partnerships and improving WHO:s performance (WHO 2013) . In our country we have our own health policy, Health 2015 (STM 2001) , which is a long-term health policy programme, based on the WHO:s new Global Health on the 21-program and principle of health in all policies. It is purposed to improve health and functional capacityRead MoreOutline for Health Information Mgmt Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Information Management Coll148 April 7, 2013 Michael Dufresne DeVry University I. Introduction A. To be a good leader you need the desire, willpower and then go through the never ending process of training, education and learning from experience.(Clark 2004) B. Lauren Thompson-Director of Federal Health Architecture at Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology C. Brief introduction of the leader you have chosen- The leader I chose is Lauren Thompson

Contemporary Stressors of Adolescence - 628 Words

Contemporary stressors Adolescent stress is an important part of their lives and it is important for it to be monitored regularly in order for them to feel the benefit of learning important stress management skills. About 39% of the adolescents undergo depression at one point or another and they seem to handle their problems in a way that is constructive. This stress and depression ranges from mild to severe with the young people often relying on negative or passive behaviors in their attempts to deal effectively with their problems. Stress is usually characterized by frustration, sadness, worry, tension and withdrawal. There are many reasons that lead to stress in adolescents and younger people. Various studies have been conducted to determine the causes of stress among adolescents. The A study that was conducted in the state of Minnesota provided information about the prevalence of stress and depression in adolescents. It was found that one of the stressful events in the adolescents lives is school work. This is concurrent with the results of a study on stress and coping which was conducted among adolescents in East Baltimore and it was found that school work is the most significant stressor. The second most important stressor in the lives of adolescents is parents and the third is romantic relationships. The fourth most important stressor is friends problems. The fifth most important stressor is younger siblings. In the study of Minnesota adolescents, it was foundShow MoreRelatedErving Goffmans Work Stigma1441 Words   |  6 Pageslabel may attempt to pass as â€Å"normal.† In this paper, I will discuss the role of stigma and shame in the coming out process, and the negative health outcomes that may result from such a stigmatized identity. I will also brin g into discussion more contemporary research, particularly minority stress and identity, which builds on Goffman’s concepts of stigma. Although the social context has changed since the time of Goffman’s writings, his conceptualizations provide a foundational base for future researchRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society863 Words   |  4 Pagesadjustment, few studies have investigated this issue for MaÌ…ori youth. One reason for this may be that for MaÌ…ori, family connectedness extends beyond the nuclear family unit and encompasses the whaÌ…nau (collective family unit) more broadly. In contemporary New Zealand society, whaÌ…nau is defined as â€Å"extended family,† although historically, a whaÌ…nau unit was defined as several generations of family members and family friends whose roles and responsibilities were interrelated (Moeke-Pickering, 1996)Read MoreThe Importance of Adolescence in Creating Successful Adults2070 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Contemporary researchers and theorists often view adolescence as the life stage where individuals become more future-oriented and attempt to consolidate their personality, creating a more integrated sense of self (Swann Spivey, 2004). For adolescents who are of a sexual minority, these developmental tasks often coincide with, or are dominated by, a crisis of self-concept where these adolescents find themselves suddenly and involuntarily associated with a stigmatized group (HutchinsonRead MoreHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology1163 Words   |  5 Pagesvariety of theories to explain psychological disorders. These theories usually fall in one of three basic categories: mystical/supernatural (possession of spirits), scientific/medical (biological, imbalances, faulty learning processes, or emotional stressors), and humanitarian (cruelty or inadequate living conditions) (Frude, 1998). Each of these theories and the ongoing advancements in knowledge has been the foundation of the study of abnormal psychology. To comprehend the effort that these aspectsRead MoreEassy in Gujarati2422 Words   |  10 Pages*  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organismic Psychology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kurt Goldstein   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jacob Robert Kantor *  Ã‚  Ã‚   Personalistic Psychology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Stern   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -  Ã‚  Ã‚   Edward Sprenger   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -  Ã‚  Ã‚   G.W. Allport   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -  Ã‚  Ã‚   Henry A. Murray    Books : 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Contemporary Theories and Systems in Psychology by Benjamin B. Wolman (1979) Freeman Book     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Company.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Systems and Theories in Psychology by Melvin H. Marx and William A. Hillix (1978) Tata McGraw     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Hill, New DelhiRead MoreClassism: The Concept Essay574 Words   |  3 Pagesclass as â€Å"an aspect of shared economic circumstances and shared social and cultural practices in relationship to positions of power shapes our lives and intersects with race, ethnicity, gender and geography in profound ways† (p. 247). An inclusive, contemporary, comprehensive and illustrative definition of actual classism is provided by the social activist, nonprofit organization, Class Action: Classism is differential treatment based on social class or perceived social class. Classism is the systematicRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture1957 Words   |  8 Pagesbelieves that black women are more oppressed than their white counterparts are. It holds that sexism, racism and class oppression are all intertwined (Haralamabos Holborn 2013). In spite of the numerous changes in societies across the globe, the contemporary UK society has seen few, if any, changes. According to Thaper (2012), gender roles have not changed as much as in the other societies, but rather, have become more distinct. For instance, women still do more housework than the men do and in caseRead MoreEvidence-Based Treatments for Childhood Depression3114 Words   |  13 PagesTherapy (ABFT) is another evidence-based treatment of childhood depression. ABFT uses a family systems approach based on attachment theory to treat childhood and adolescent depression. For parents, ABFT focuses on criticism, disengagement, personal stressors and important parenting skills. For children, ABFT focuses on a positive self-concept, motivation, and disengagement. Some examples of treatment tasks are: relational reframing, alliance-building, reattachment, and promoting proficiency. In aRead MoreThe Impact Of Racism On People Of Color1875 Words   |  8 Pagesanal ysis to research on racism. This chapter also informs its readers on how to design a research on perceived racism. CH#3 Improving the Measurement of Self-Reported Racial Discrimination: Challenges and Opportunities Chapter 3 discuses chronic stressors on the micro and micro level and how they can play a part in one’s everyday life, along with its side effects. Integration effects such as historical trauma, is also covered within this chapter. CH#4 Moderators and Mediators of the Experience ofRead MoreAcademic Transformation of the College Students with Warning Status2414 Words   |  10 Pagessimilar response. Thus, traits are responsible for the relative consistency of every individual’s behavior. His theory is called psychology of individual because it emphasizes a person’s uniqueness. Allport was certain that motivation is always a contemporary process. An individual’s current self-image is for more important than whatever he or she has been in the past (except in pathological cares). Traits have the capacity to motivate, inhibit or select appropriate human behavior. According to Maslow

Literature Review Outline The Boy In The Striped Pajamas

Literature Review Outline: The Boy In The Striped Pajamas â€Å"The Boy In The Striped Pajamas† weaves a thread of intricate and compelling details through the description of each event that occurs within this book. For example, this novel features a descriptive scene where Bruno (protagonist) encounters a fence, which holds many Jews captive; this event takes you on a journey where you can experience the border that divides us, and how we may deal with that border - as Bruno faces. John Boyne has created a sophisticated novel in The Boy In The Striped Pajamas through his thematic analysis of the power, which explores society’s perception of authority and personalities and his concrete and symbolic representation, which starkly exposes†¦show more content†¦Boyne’s novel gives a voice to the victims, especially the millions of innocent children who perished at the hands of Nazi’s (a group of people with extreme racist views). As part of my literature review outline, I have decided to read the book, The Boy In The Striped Pajamas written by John Boyne, for two days. Moreover, I personally believe that this book was an excellent match for my personal interest of books that follow under the category of drama. This is not only because this book featured various melancholy scenes, including the many struggles that Bruno and his family encounter throughout the book, such as leaving their house in Berlin, in order to move to Auschwitz, but also because the tone of this novel strikes a sense of tragedy and horror – â€Å"...Despite the mayhem that followed, Bruno found that he was still holding Shmuels hand in his own and nothing in the world would have persuaded him to let go.† This is an example of the tragic tone of this book. For instance, the style of the text and the method in which key ideas are proposed is deeply affective through the use of vocabulary and imagery. Another genre of books w hich I appreciate reading is adventure because it gives me the sense of excitement which further intrigues me to read a book. The Boy In The Striped Pajamas is also a book of adventure as a result of incorporating events in which explorations take place, such as the time in which Bruno decides toShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : The Boy s The Striped Pajamas1784 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Review Outline: The Boy In The Striped Pajamas â€Å"The Boy In The Striped Pajamas† weaves a thread of intricate and compelling details through the description of each event that occurs within this book. For example, this novel features a descriptive scene where Bruno (the protagonist) encounters a fence, which holds many Jews captive; this event takes you on a journey where you can experience the border that divides us and how we may deal with that border - as Bruno faces. John Boyne

Thesis Video Rental on-Line System a Proposed System free essay sample

Particularly in most video rental store, daily transactions are still done on manual transaction. We all know that computerizing video store has become a competitive necessity. Research shows that stores that have computerized are -always- more profitable. In this study, we hope to develop an online website that will minimize all paper works and manual records keeping, therefore allowing manager and staff ease in keeping track of customers, inventory, rentals, sales, late fees, provide quicker reservation. A system that is fully computerized, user-friendly, time effective and well-organize. By establishing a website with a shopping cart and payment features, customers can point and click their way through your products Now an online website introduced to Video City Rental Movies that will provide all information about products and services in their daily transaction including the easy ordering and paying. It has a user friendly navigation which is built for those intellectual users in the field of computer and for those non intellectual-users. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Video Rental on-Line System: a Proposed System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This website will have SMS notification where it will automatically send sms to notify customers about the product’s status with attached bill and other important announcements. Background of the Study Computer technologies have a great role now a day, it can easily and fastest transaction. On-line system is lessening the time of manual renting or ordering, because it is online many user can accommodate the system. Also the paying and ordering online was much good for an easy way transaction between the customers. And most it lessens the time will consume to perform other transactions. Manual transactions takes a lot of time consumes and also the difficulty in paying and knowing products as well. Sign in – a registration to the existing member of a group Database – a place where the records saved Chapter 2 Review of Related Studies and Literature This chapter shows the relationship among different studies and literature connected to the present study. Each study and literature was compared to the present study to show their similarities and differences. The researcher sited some computer base information system being use in different companies all over the world to depict the advantages and benefits that could be derived from a computer based information system. The purpose of conducting study and gathered some information, the researcher found out Forum Website need to add a new features. The purpose of review related studies is for the researchers to identify studies that have been done related to the presented topic whether it is foreign or local source. It gives idea of a comparative analysis between variables used in reviewed materials and those used in a current study. 2. 1. Related Studies (Foreign and Local) Splurk Tee Website and Ordering System The thesis entitled â€Å"Splurk Tee Website and Ordering System† conducted by

Natural Semantic Metalanguage free essay sample

It can be defined as kinds of semantic analysis approach in finding the simplest meaning of a word. This approach states that there are many aspects influence language and they can not be separated in analyzing the simplest meaning of words. Those aspects are: 1. The difference of social communities 2. The systematical difference 3. The difference of culture 4. The different style of speaking and communication Natural Semantic Metalanguage Before we go further, we should understand the definition of the word â€Å"metalanguage† since it might be new for some of us.Metalanguage is the language that is used to present, name and describe terminological information, the language of a particular field name in an entry, e,g. synonym is the English name of the data field, that contains synonyms to main entry terms. To make it simpler, metalanguage is a language that can be used to describe languages. Then, we already know that semantic is the study of meaning in language. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Semantic Metalanguage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, semantic metalanguage is theory and a practical, meaning-based approach to linguistic analysis.The leading proponents of the theory are  Anna Wierzbicka  at the  Australian National University  who originated the theory in the early 1970s (Wierzbicka 1972), and  Cliff Goddard  at AustraliasUniversity of New England  (Goddard ; Wierzbicka 1994, 2002). It is called natural semantic metalanguage because it is derived entirely from natural language and because it can be understood via natural language without any additional arbitrary signs and conventions. To compare meanings, one has to be able to state them.To state the meaning of a word, an expression or a construction, we need a semantic metalanguage. Moreover, Natural Semantic Metalanguage ( NSM ) is important to compare meanings expressed in different language and different culture. Semantic Primitives Linguists of the NSM school rely on  semantic primitives  (or semantic primes) for analysis. Semantic primes  means the suggestion that we have as part of our inherited human faculties a basic set of innate concepts, or perhaps more precisely, a non-conscious propensity and eagerness to acquire those concepts and encode them in sound-forms (words).The words that those concepts become encoded in what is called  semantic primes, or alternatively, semantic primitives — semantic becauselinguists  have assigned that word in reference to the meaning of words (=linguistic symbols). Words that qualify as semantic primes need no definition in terms of other words. In that sense, they remain undefinable. We know their meaning without having to define them. They allow us to construct other words defined  by  them. List of Semantic Primes